某铀矿周边地区环境中铀和钍含量的调查分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-616x.2025.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：探索典型辐射敏感地区关键放射性核素铀和钍在土壤、野生植物、蔬菜、水体中的含量及其富集特点，探讨铀和钍含量在土壤和植物/蔬菜中的相关性。方法：在我国某铀矿周边区域采集样品，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)检测土壤、植物、蔬菜和水体共47个样品中铀和钍的含量，分析不同采样点土壤、植物、蔬菜及水体中铀和钍含量、富集率及其之间的相关性。结果：15个采样点土壤样品中铀和钍含量均处于所在地区的背景值范围内。蔬菜和饮用水源等15个样品中铀和钍含量均在限值范围内，食品处于安全水平。苔藓类植物对铀和钍的富集率分别为0.966和1.228，相较于其他植物表现出了更为突出的富集能力。植物/蔬菜中铀和钍含量呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论：本研究选取的铀矿周边环境(土壤、植物、蔬菜、水体)中铀和钍的含量均处于背景值或食品限值范围内，未发现污染现象。同时筛选出此地区具有较强富集能力的植物(苔藓)，可作为土壤铀矿污染修复或指示生物的候选植物。

关键词: 铀矿, 土壤, 植物, 水体, 富集率, 相关性分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE：To investigate contents and enrichment characteristics of key radioactive nuclides (uranium and thorium) in soil，wild plants，vegetables and water in a typical radiation sensitive area，as well as to explore their correlations. METHODS：Samples were collected from the surrounding area of a uranium mine in China. Concentrations of uranium and thorium in 47 samples of soil，plants，vegetables and water were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The contents，concentration ratio (CR) and correlations of uranium and thorium in soil，plants，vegetables and water at different sampling sites were analyzed. RESULTS：The contents of uranium and thorium in soil samples from 15 sampling sites were within the range of background values in the region. Their contents in vegetables and drinking water sources were within the limit values，and in foods were at a safe level. The CR values of moss in uranium and thorium were 0.966 and 1.228，respectively，which showed more prominent enrichment ability than other plants. There were significant correlations between uranium and thorium contents in plants/vegetables (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：This survey showed that the contents of uranium and thorium in the surrounding environment (soil，plants，vegetables，water) of the uranium mine were within the range of background values or food limits，and no pollution phenomenon was found. And moss with strong enrichment ability in this region was screened out，which could be used as a candidate plant for remediation of soil uranium pollution or indicator organism.

Key words: uranium mining, soil, plant, water, concentration ratio, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

李亚茹, 何映雪, 范莉, 梁宸卿, 闫冬. 某铀矿周边地区环境中铀和钍含量的调查分析[J]. 癌变·畸变·突变, 2025, 37(6): 432-437.

LI Yaru, HE Yingxue, FAN Li, LIANG Chenqing, YAN Dong. Analysis of uranium and thorium levels in the environment around a uranium mine[J]. Carcinogenesis, Teratogenesis & Mutagenesis, 2025, 37(6): 432-437.

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