二甲基甘氨酸脱氢酶的生理功能与相关疾病的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-616x.2026.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 二甲基甘氨酸脱氢酶(DMGDH)是一种位于线粒体基质的黄素蛋白，主要催化二甲基甘氨酸(DMG)氧化脱甲基生成肌氨酸，是胆碱与甜菜碱代谢途径中的关键酶。该反应生成的甲基能迅速补充一碳单位池，同时释放电子进入线粒体呼吸链，从而在维持细胞代谢稳态与能量供应中发挥核心作用。近年来，有关DMGDH的生理功能和代谢途径逐渐被揭示，其功能异常不仅与罕见的遗传性代谢缺陷相关，更在恶性肿瘤的发生发展中扮演重要角色。多项证据表明，DMGDH作为一种潜在的抑癌因子，在多种恶性肿瘤中普遍低表达，且低表达水平与患者预后转归密切相关，提示其具有作为癌症诊断及预后评估生物标志物的潜力。本文系统综述了DMGDH的分子结构、生理功能及其在疾病进展中的研究现状和作用机制，旨在为理解其在疾病发生发展中的作用及探索将其作为新型治疗靶点提供理论依据。

关键词: 二甲基甘氨酸脱氢酶, 胆碱代谢, 一碳代谢, 癌症, DMGDH

中图分类号:

Q493.99

卢露露, 郭毅, 罗燕, 杨军, 方学贤. 二甲基甘氨酸脱氢酶的生理功能与相关疾病的研究进展[J]. 癌变·畸变·突变, 2026, 38(2): 150-155.

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