OBJECTIVE： This study aimed to investigate the combined effects and clinical value of the cytoskeletal proteins MYH9 and Palladin on prognosis and malignant phenotypes in lung cancer. METHODS： Transcriptomic data of lung cancer，along with relevant clinical information，were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to assess the influence of MYH9 and Palladin on lung cancer prognosis and clinical staging，and to further analyze their combined effects on lung cancer prognosis. NCI-H460 cells with double and single knockdowns of MYH9 and Palladin were constructed. The effects of these gene knockdowns on lung cancer cell proliferation，drug resistance，migration，invasion，and self-renewal were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay，transwell assays，and methylcellulose sphere formation assay，respectively. Finally，the expression of MYH9 and Palladin in lung cancer and their influence on patient prognosis were further verified by tissue microarray. RESULTS： The analysis of biological information revealed that MYH9 and Palladin were markedly expressed in lung cancer tissues. Patients in the high expression group of MYH9 and Palladin exhibited a worse prognosis and clinical stage compared to those in the low expression group. Furthermore，the combined high expression group demonstrated the poorest prognosis for lung cancer patients (P<0.01). Results from the cell cuture experiment demonstrated that the proliferation，drug resistance，migration，invasion，and self-renewal ability of lung cancer cells in the bimolecular knockout group were significantly lower than those in the single-molecule knockout group and the control cells (P<0.01). Results from the tissue microarray further confirmed that MYH9 and Palladin were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues in comparison to adjacent paracancerous tissues. In comparison to the low expression group，the prognosis of lung cancer patients in the high expression group of MYH9 and Palladin was worse，and the bimolecular combination of high expression group had a more significant effect on the clinical prognosis of lung cancer patients. CONCLUSION： The combined effect of MYH9 and Palladin on clinical prognosis in lung cancer was more pronounced than their individual effects. Additionally，their combined impact on stemness-related characteristics in lung cancer cells was significantly greater than that of either MYH9 or Palladin alone. These findings suggest that MYH9 and Palladin could potentially serve as combined therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate protective effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DEX) on blister agent 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES)-induced injury in human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS： BEAS-2B cells were exposed to 1.2 mmol/L CEES for 24 h to establish a cell damage model induced by blister agents. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations of DEX for 2 h and exposed to CEES for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 method to determine the optimal protective dose of DEX. Cell morphology was observed under a light microscope，and cell apoptosis rates were measured using Annexin V/PI staining. DHE，MitoSOX and RHOD123 fluorescent probes were employed to detect total reactive oxygen species (ROS)，mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential levels，respectively. Enzyme activities of total SOD，CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD and content of GSH were detected by kits. RESULTS： Compared with the control group，the CEES group showed a significant decrease in cell viability (P<0.01)，a significant increase in cell apoptosis (P<0.01)，a significant increase in ROS and mtROS (P<0.01)，a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01)，an increase in total SOD，CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD enzyme activity (P<0.01)，and a decrease in GSH content (P<0.01). Compared with the CEES group，the cell viability of 0.1-1 000 μmol/L DEX intervention group was increased，and the most significant increase in cell viability was observed in the 10 μmol/L DEX intervention group (P<0.01)，and 10 μmol/L was used as the optimal dose for the follow DEX intervention group. Apoptosis was decreased after the 10 μmol/L DEX intervention (P<0.01). Compared with the CEES treatment group，DEX intervention reduced mtROS (P<0.01)，increased mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05)，increased enzyme activity of total SOD and CuZn-SOD (P<0.01)，and increased GSH content (P<0.01). CONCLUSION： DEX exerted a protective effect on CEES-induced injury in human bronchial epithelial cells，and its mechanism could be related to the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis，the reduction of mtROS production and the enhancement of cellular antioxidant levels.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the role of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) demethylase ALKBH5 on intracellular and cellular functions of thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS： The ALKBH5 knockdown plasmid was transfected to human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (TPC-1) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells (8505C). Expression of m⁶A in the cancer cells were measured using a m⁶A methylation quantification detection kit. Plate cloning，CCK-8，plate scratch，and Transwell were used to analyze the proliferation，migration，and invasion ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of the cancer cells and the percentage of cell in each phase. The relationship between ALKBH5 and downstream pathways was analyzed by Western blot experiments. RESULTS： Compared to cells without the ALKBH5 knockdown，the knockdown increased m⁶A expression of levels in the TPC-1 and 8505C cancer cells，and decreased the number of cell proliferation，invasion，and migration decreased (P<0.05). In addition，cells were arrested at the G₂/M phase of cell cycle. Western blot experiments showed that when the expression of ALKBH5 was low，the key genes of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were perturbed. Protein expressions of P85，AK，P-AKT and FAK were inhibited，as well as that of CDK4，CDK6，Cyclin B1，Cyclin D1，Cyclin E1 in the downstream Cyclin pathway，but P53 was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION： In the thyroid papillary carcinoma cells，ALKBH5 knockdown inhibited their proliferation，migration，invasion and cell cycle，as well as the PI3K/AKT/P53 and PI3K/AKT/Cyclin axis.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of licorice and dried ginger decoction (LDGD) on the viability and apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells (769-P) and human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) in vitro. METHODS： hUSCs were isolated and cultured from fresh human urine using room temperature centrifugation. The growth status of hUSCs was observed，and their viability was measured using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to identify the expression of surface markers on hUSCs. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects of 2.5-40 mg/mL LDGD on the viability of 769-P and hUSCs cells after 24-72 hours，compared with the control group，and morphological changes in cells were observed. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess the apoptosis rate of 769-P and hUSCs cells after treatment with 10 mg/mL LDGD，and apoptosis rates were calculated. RESULTS： Cells with good morphology and high growth activity were obtained using room temperature centrifugation. hUSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD44 and CD90，but did not express endothelial cell marker CD31 or hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. LDGD at 5-10 mg/mL inhibited the viability of 769-P cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24-72 hours，while promoting the viability of hUSCs. After 48 hours of treatment with 10 mg/mL LDGD，769-P cells exhibited significant shrinkage，reduced size，and decreased refractive index under an inverted microscope，whereas hUSCs showed no significant morphological changes. The apoptosis rate of 769-P cells was (11.93±0.51)% after 48 hours of treatment with 10 mg/mL LDGD，significantly higher than the control group，while the apoptosis rate of hUSCs was (0.01±0.10)%，showing no significant apoptosis compared to the control. CONCLUSION： Under the conditions of this experiment，LDGD inhibited the viability of human renal carcinoma cells in vitro and induced apoptosis，while promoting the viability of hUSCs without significantly inducing apoptosis. The effects of LDGD on the two types of cells were markedly different.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the control of blood glucose factors on efficacy of targeted therapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)- mutated lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS： From 2018 to 2019，a total of 277 lung adenocarcinoma patients who received the targeted therapy at the Beijing Chest Hospital，Capital Medical University，were recruited for our study. The relationships among fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels，resistance to targeted therapy and progression-free survival were analyzed. In addition，a culture medium with different glucose concentrations was used to simulate the in vitro glucose environment，and the effects of glucose on the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cell line HCC827 and its derived resistant cell line AZDR were investigated using cell biology methods. According to the glucose content of the cell culture environment，and whether AZD drugs were added or not，four in vitro groups were set up：high glucose，ordinary，high glucose +AZD treatment，and ordinary +AZD treatment groups. Cell proliferation was assessed using colony staining and CCK-8 assays. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Changes in expression of apoptosis-related factors (caspase-3 and metabolism-related protein mTOR) were evaluated using Western blot. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression changes in AZDR cells after acquiring resistance. RESULTS： Among patients who showed EGFR-TKI treatment resistance，in addition to the increase of FBG in patients with diabetes combined with lung cancer (37 patients)，FBG in patients with simple lung adenocarcinoma (240 patients) also increased，and 17.4% of lung adenocarcinoma patients exceeded the upper limit of the standard range of FBG in healthy people (6.1 mmol/L). Survival analysis revealed that patients with FBG levels greater than 6.1 mmol/L experienced resistance to targeted therapy later，compared to patients with FBG levels in the range of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L (P<0.05). The cell culture study revealed that the resistant cell line AZDR exhibited slow growth in a high-glucose environment，while the parental cell line HCC827 was not affected. Compared to the parental cell line HCC827，the resistant cell line AZDR showed increased apoptosis rate (P<0.05)，upregulation of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 (P<0.05)，increased expression of insulin receptor IGFBP7，IGFBP2，IGF1R，and IGF2R，decreased expression of glucose metabolism-related genes SLC16A2，SLC2A13，and HK2，and upregulation of mTOR and HK1 in a high-glucose environment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION： Changes of blood glucose level in patients with lung adenocarcinoma may be an important factor affecting the prognosis and the progression of drug resistance. In vitro studies showed that hyperglycemic environment is not conducive to the survival of drug resistant tumor cell subpopulations，which may be caused by changes in the expression of insulin receptors and glucose metabolism genes. In the process of targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma，it may be necessary to dialectically control changes of blood glucose in patients.

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the research hot-spots and treatment trend of the minimally invasive treatment method of lumbar disc herniation in China based on visualized analysis. METHODS： The China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science database (WOS) were searched for minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation and related terms. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to make correlation analysis of the relevant literature collected from January 2013 to December 2023，and the data were analyzed from high-frequency keywords，highlights to the trend of times. RESULTS： A total of 1 065 literature from CNKI and 602 literature from Web of Science (WOS) were included. After visual analysis，there were ten clusters obtained from the CNKI database and nine clusters obtained from the WOS database respectively，including LDH，PELD etc.，and risk factors，LDH，spinal stenosis etc. CONCLUSION： Research in the CNKI database mainly focused on treatment outcome，transforaminal approach，lumbar function，pain，complications，auxiliary therapy，complications，surgical approach，scientific research methods，etc. In the WOS database，research mainly focused on decompression，treatment outcome，complication，transforaminal approach，back pain，spine，learning curve，and risk factor，etc. In the last two years，the research of CNKI mainly focused on the key words of pain and PELD，and the research of WOS mainly focused on the key words of complications and recurrence rates. At present，the research hot-spots have been partially overlapping，and different among the Chinese and foreign scholars.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the expression of Brahma-related gene 1-associated factor 57 (BAF57) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its impact on prognosis of patients. METHODS： The cancer and adjacent tissues of 110 CRC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as the study subjects. BAF57 expression was detected by Western blot and qPCR，respectively. Relationships between BAF57 expression levels and pathological parameters in the tissues were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve and subject operator (ROC) curve were used to determine the relationships between BAF57 expression and diagnosis value. Survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank. RESULTS： The BAF57 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the CRC than those in the adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Both levels were positively correlated with TNM stages (r=0.913，P<0.01；r=0.925，P<0.01)， negatively related with tissue differentiation (r=-0.781，P<0.01；r=-0.888，P<0.01)；and positively with lymph node metastasis (r=0.744，P<0.01；r=0.743，P<0.01). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve for BAF57 mRNA and protein for CRC diagnosis was 0.976 and 0.915，respectively. Survival analysis indicated that the median survival time of the BAF57 mRNA high-expression group (48.5 month) was significantly lower than the low-expression group (60.5 month，Log-rank χ²=4.985，P<0.05)，which was also found between the protein high- and low-expression groups (46.5 and 60.0 months，respectively；Log-rank χ²=4.469，P<0.05). CONCLUSION： BAF57 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and was positively associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis in patients.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate biological behavior of human gastric cancer cells after their treatment with the CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor abemaciclib，and cisplatin. METHODS： The TCGA database resources and the bioinformatics UALCAN website were used to obtain the expression of CDK4/6 genes in gastric cancers and normal gastric tissues. Western blot test was used to detect expression of CDK4 and CDK6 albumen in the stomach-carcinoma cell line SGC7901 and the regular gastric mucous membrane cell line GES-1. The CCK-8 method was used to screen for the optimal cell growth inhibition concentration. The cells were divided into several groups：blank control，0.5 μg/mL cisplatin，10 μmol/L abemaciclib+0.5 μg/mL cisplatin，and 10 μmol/L abemaciclib groups. These groups were treated for 24，48 and 72 h. Then CCK-8 method，flow cytometry，scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation，apoptosis，migration and invasion gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 in each subgroup RESULTS： Based on bioinformatics analysis， expression of CDK4/6 proteins in human gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissues (P<0.05). Western blot analyses showed that expression of CDK4/6 proteins was significantly increased in SGC7901 compared with that in normal tissues (P<0.05). According to the CCK-8 results，the cisplatin concentration for the IC₅₀ value was 0.5 μg/mL and the abemaciclib was 10 μmol/L，therefore these concentrations were used for subsequent experiments. Compared with the blank control group，the combined treatment inhibited cell proliferation significantly (P<0.01)，and the inhibition ability was time-dependent(r=0.949，P<0.01). The level of apoptosis was significantly increased (P<0.01)，and both migration and invasion capacity were significantly reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION： Expression of CDK4/6 was significantly increased in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. Combined treatment of these cells with abemaciclib and cisplatin showed synergistic effects，which significantly inhibited the proliferation，migration，invasion of human gastric cancer cells and promoted apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the value of an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant system in cytological diagnosis of cervical glandular epithelial lesions. METHODS： A total of 143 liquid-based thin layer cervical cytological smears diagnosed as atypical adenocyte (AGC) and 631 negative smears were collected. AI assistant system and intermediate pathologist diagnosis were performed on all smears. The diagnostic results of senior physicians were used as the gold standard for comparative analysis，and specificity，sensitivity and other indicators were statistically analyzed. RESULTS： The positive rate and specificity of AI-assisted diagnosis system were 15.7% and 99.8%，while those of intermediate pathologist diagnosis were 18.3% and 99.2% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The accuracy and sensitivity of AI-assisted system were 97.0% and 84.6%，and the accuracy and sensitivity of intermediate pathologist diagnosis were 99.2% and 99.3%，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of AI-assisted diagnosis was 0.922，which was lower than that of intermediate pathologist diagnosis (0.993)，and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition，the diagnostic agreement rate between AI-assisted diagnosis and intermediate pathologist diagnosis reached 99%，and the corresponding Kappa value was 0.888，indicating that the two diagnostic methods were basically consistent. CONCLUSION： The AI-assisted system has high specificity in the diagnosis of cervical glandular epithelial lesions，but its sensitivity is low，and there is a certain risk of missed diagnosis. Although the accuracy of AI-assisted diagnosis is not as good as that of intermediate pathologist diagnosis，it still had a high diagnostic value. Therefore，the AI assistant system should be further improved and optimized in the diagnostic application of cervical glandular epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE： To identify proteins which interacted with long noncoding RNA SNHG15 in breast cancer cells. METHODS： BT549 cells stably overexpressing SNHG15 were established by infection with lentivirus expressing MS2bs-tagged SHNG15. MS2 pulldown and Mass Spectrometry were used to identify proteins associated with SNHG15. Using DDX5 (DEAD box helicase 5) as an example，interactions of SHNG15 with identified proteins were further verified by RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RT-qPCR. RESULTS： In total，386 proteins were identified which interacted with SNHG15. DDX5 was truly associated with SNHG15. CONCLUSION： These data indicated an effective method to purify RNA-associated proteins and provided new information for the further study of the function of SNHG15.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate effects of the Capparis spinosa fruit rheumatism pain relief gel on embryo-fetal development in SD rats. METHODS： Rats were divided into Capparis spinosa fruit rheumatism pain relief gel high (117.8 g/m²)，medium (58.9 g/m²)，low (29.5 g/m²) dose groups，excipient control group (excipient paste) and positive control group (cyclophosphamide). The drug was given once a day from the 6^th to 15^th days after pregnancy，and the positive control group was injected subcutaneously with cyclophosphamide on GD12. The general condition，body weight and feed consumption of pregnant rats were observed during the experiment. The pregnant rats were sacrificed on GD20，and the fetuses were taken to check the uterine combined fetal weight，luteal number，implantation number，fetal weight，fetal body length，fetal tail length，live birth number，dead birth number，absorbed birth number，fetal gender and appearance，visceral and skeletal malformation. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in body weight，body weight gain，food intake，uterine combined fetal weight，uterine and ovarian organ weight and its coefficient，average luteal number，loss rate before implantation，average implantation number，implantation rate，average live birth number，live birth rate，dead birth rate，absorbed birth rate，fetal gender ratio，fetal appearance abnormality rate，litter weight，litter body length，litter tail length，skeletal malformation rate and visceral malformation rate between the pregnant rats in the different dose groups of Capparis spinosa fruit rheumatism pain relief gel and the excipient control group (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION： The no-adverse reaction level of capsicum frutescens rheumatism pain relieving gel on embryo-fetal development of SD rats was 117.8 g/m²，which was 12 times of the body surface dose to be used in clinic. Under the conditions of this study，transdermal administration of capsicum frutescens rheumatism pain relieving gel on embryo-fetal development of SD rats had no toxic effect.

OBJECTIVE： To use a flow cytometry genotoxicity assay based on γ-H2AX biomarker for improvement of genotoxicity evaluation of gold nanoparticles. METHODS： Final concentrations of 7.5，3.75，and 1.875 μg/mL of Cyclophosphamide were used as the positive controls for establishment of the γ-H2AX assay in +S₉ group (4 hours of short treatment) and final concentrations of 6.4，1.6，and 0.4 μg/mL of Etoposide were used as the positive controls for the establishment of the γ-H2AX assay in -S₉ group (24 hours of long treatment) to establish a flow cytometry genotoxicity assay based on γ-H2AX biomarker. Two kinds of modified gold nanoparticles (sample 1 modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sample 2 modified with polyethylene glycol) were selected as experimental materials，which was diluted into three concentrations based on cytotoxicity test. The treated TK6 cells were then harvested and labeled with anti-H2AX fluorescent antibody，and Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentage of γ-H2AX，which has been shown to be positively related to the extent of the genotoxicity. RESULTS： Both groups with and without S₉ showed significant increase in the percentage of γ-H2AX cells compared with the solvent controls (P<0.05) and these increasements were dose-related (CP：R²=0.837，P=0.01；ETO：R²=0.903，P<0.01)，thus validating the reliability of the method. On the other hand，the two gold nanoparticles products did not show significant differences in the ratio of γ-H2AX cells (P>0.05). CONCLUSION： Flow cytometry was useful in accurately detecting changes of γ-H2AX in cultured TK6 cells. This assay can be an approach for indicating the genotoxicity of toxic substances.