To observe the expression change of malignant transformation- related DNA repair genes in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) induced by glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). METHODS：The expression of DNA repair genes in 30th generation cells which had malignant cell phenotype was evaluated with the gene chip of “human genome stability/DNA repair microarray”. RESULTS：Compared with control cells in the 30th generation，eight genes screened from 113 genes showed different expressions in cells induced by GMA. Among the eight genes，there were 7 genes (NBN，RAD50，RAD51，OGG1，XAB2，TOP3A，TNKS) with increased expression (ratio>2)and 1 gene (NEIL2) with lower expression (0

To identify the cancer chemoprevention component in fungus plant extract AMH， which has been proved having antimutagenic and cancer chemopreventive effect. Present study may provide scientific data for the further separation of bioactive agents and for anticancer drug development. METHODS：The benzo(a)pyrene-induced oncogenesis assay was used to evaluate the cancer chemopreventive effect of the 5 components separated from fungus extract AMH. RESULTS：Benzo(a)pyrene could induce organ cancers and lung adenoma in Kunming mice. Compared with the control group，components A， B，C and E could promote the occurrence of lung adenoma (P<0.05). Components B and E could inhibit the occurrence of cancers induced by benzo(a)pyrene (P<0.05) whilst component D could inhibit both cancers and lung adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene (P<0.01). Component D was the bioactive component which had cancer chemopreventive effect. CONCLUSION： Component D had cancer chemopreventive effect. It was the functional component worthy of further identification of the bioactive agents.

To study the antioxidative activities of the ethanol extract of panax notoginseng (PNG) in several free radical models in vitro and in oxidative damage rat model in vivo. METHODS：The chemiluminescence systems models for determination of hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2-. )were built to observe the inhibitory rates of luminous intensity by different concentrations of PNG extract. The microsomal lipid peroxidation model stimulated by CHP，VC/Fe2+ and CC14/NADPH were established to observe the inhibition of MDA by different concentrations of PNG extract. The oxidative damage rat model was built by 60Co-γray to observe the inhibitory effect of PNG extract on the generation of MDA and GSSG， and the changes of CAT and SOD activities in livers. RESULTS： In the two chemiluminescence systems， the inhibitory rates of ·OH and O2-. by PNG extract were significantly higher than that in control group， with significant dose-effect relationship. The IC50 of O2-. and ·OH by ethanol extract of PNG were 1.25 mg/ml and 0.625 mg/ml， respectively. Compared with that in control group， the content of MDA in the three LPO models decreased significantly (P<0.05) at different concentrations，with a dose-effect relationship. After PNG oral administration， decrease of MDA was observed in rat livers. The activities of SOD and CAT were increased by ethanol extract，the content of GSSG was decreased by ethanol extract. CONCLUSION：In several in vitro and in vivo models described above， the ethanol extract of PNG demonstrated effective antioxidative effects and revealed a dose-effect relationship.

To study the influences of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) preconditioning on NO secretion in cultured cerebral astrocytes and microglia. METHODS： Mice cerebral astrocytes and microglia were isolated and purified in vitro. Thereafter， these glial cells were divided into 4 groups： LPS-primed group， 10 ng/ml LPS treated group， 1 μg/ml LPS treated group and non-treated group. The LPS-primed group was preconditioned with 10 ng/ml of LPS for 18 hours. After the preconditioning， the cells received the second treatment with 1 μg/ml of LPS for 6 hours， 24 hours and 48 hours. Then cultured supernatants of all 4 groups were collected. NO level in the supernatants was determined by Griess method. RESULTS： Both in cultured astrocytes and microglia，NO level of the LPS-primed group was increased at 24 hours with LPS re-treatment compared with the 1 μg/ml LPS-stimulated group (P<0.05). Moreover， at 48 hours with LPS re-treatment， a long-lasting and significant enhancing effect was found in astrocytes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION： LPS preconditioning could enhance NO secretion ability in cultured cerebral astrocytes and microglia.

To study the antagonistic effects of vitamin A and vitamin E against Co60 radiation-induced oxidative injury. METHOD：Experiment 1：Rats were divided into five groups，including control， radiation，radiation + vitamin A，radiation + vitamin E and radiation + half dose of vitamin A and vitamin E. Before exposure to radiation， rats were treated with intragastrically with 30 mg/kg vitamin A，30 mg/kg vitamin E，or 15 mg/kg vitamin A + 15 mg/kg vitamin E. Experiment 2：Rats were divided into seven groups，including control， radiation，radiation + 30 mg/kg vitamin E，radiation + 30 mg/kg vitamin E + different concentrations of vitamin A，ranging from 2.5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Before the exposure to radiation，rats received intragastrically 30 mg/kg vitamin E，or 30 mg/kg vitamin E + different concentration of vitamin A. At day 7，rats were exposed to 6 Gy Co60 radiation. At day 10，the rats were sacrificed，and serum and tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS：Vitamin A and vitamin E alone could protect the rats against the injury induced by radiation. When the concentration of vitamin E was fixed at 30 mg/kg，different concentrations of vitamin A resulted in the increase of MDA，the decrease of SOD and CAT activities and the content of vitamin E，in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION：Under certain concentration，vitamin A and vitamin E could produce antagonistic effect.

To study the sub-localization of Zwint-1 wild type and variant(Zwint-1v) in different cell cycles of HeLa cells. METHODS：HeLa cells were synchronized using thymidine double-block method. The sub-localization of Zwint-1 wild type and Zwint-1v were identified by fluorescence microscope after transfection and indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS：In interphase of HeLa cells，Zwint-1 wild type was localized in the cytoplasm， while Zwint-1v were in nucleus. In mitotic phase，Zwint-1 wild type and Zwint-1v were found on the spindle and centromere. Zwint-1v was closer to the nucleus than the wild type. CONCLUSION：Zwint-1 wild type and Zwint-1v during cell cycle have different sub-localization.

To study expressions of matrix metalloproteinase1，2，7 ( MMP-1，MMP-2，MMP-7)，tissue inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinase 1(TIMP-1) and metastasis associated gene 1 (MTA1)in esophageal cancer tissue and normal tissue among Kazaks and to investigate the relationship between their expressions and clinical pathological features. METHODS：Using RT-PCR to detect the expressions of MMP-1，MMP-2，MMP-7，TIMP-1 and MTA1 in 75 esophageal cancer specimens. RESULTS：The mRNA expressions of MMP-1，MMP-2，MMP-7 ，TIMP-1 and MTA1 in cancer tissue were higher than those of normal tissues(P＜0.05)．While the expression levels of MMP-2，MMP-7 and MTA1 mRNA were significantly related to the lymph node metastasis. The expression levels of MMP-1，MMP-7 mRNA were significantly related to the TNM stages(P＜0.05)． The expression of TIMP-1 in the Kazak's esophageal cancer was positively related to the expressions of MMP-1，MMP-7，MTA1 ( r = 0.446、0.458、0.333，respectively， P<0.01 )． CONCLUSION：The overexpressions of MMP-1，MMP-2，MMP-7，TIMP-1 and MTA1 gene could have important roles in carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer in the Kazaks. Their synergistic effect could promote carcinogenesis and development of esophageal cancer. The MMP-2，MMP-7 and MTA1 genes may be the main players of progression and metastasis in esophageal cancer among Kazaks．

To study the effects of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] and chlorophenothane(DDT) exposure alone or in combination on apoptosis of liver cells in mice. METHODS： 66 healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 11 groups： 0.5， 5， 50 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P groups; 0.025， 0.25， 2.5 mg/(kg·d) DDT groups;0.5 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P + 0.025 mg/(kg·d) DDT group; 5 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P + 0.25 mg/(kg·d) DDT group; 50 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P + 2.5 mg/(kg·d) DDT group; blank control group (normal feed) and solvent control group(equal volume of oil). Exposure groups were injected with oil containing B(a)P and DDT once a day. After 21-day intraperitoneal injection， livers were taken for frozen sections. Apoptosis of liver cells was examined by TUNEL method. RESULTS：The apoptotic rates of 5 and 50 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P group were significantly higher than that of the control groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05)， besides the apoptotic rate of the 50 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P group was higher than that of the 0.5 and 5 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P groups (P<0.05). The apoptotic rates of the DDT groups had no significant difference with the control groups (P>0.05). In the combined exposure groups， apoptosis was more serious than that of the control groups (P<0.01)， while the comparison between the combined exposure groups showed no statistical difference(P > 0.05)， same with the combined groups and the corresponding B(a)P groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION：In these experimental conditions， 5 and 50 mg/(kg·d) B(a)P groups could cause liver cell apoptosis， and the higher the dose of B(a)P， the higher the apoptotic rate. No apoptosis could be demonstrated in 0.025， 0.25， 2.5 mg/(kg·d) DDT groups. All of the combined exposure groups could cause liver apoptosis， but there was no clear dose-response relationship observed. Above all， either B(a)P exposure alone or combined with DDT could cause liver cell apoptosis in mice. Whether it could cause other toxicological effects would be discussed in the future.

To investigate the volatile constituents of black coral (BC). METHODS：The volatile constituents of BC were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (CO2-SFE)，separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with retention index . RESULTS：In total，15 components were reliably identified in BC and found to be biologically active. These included triethyl phosphate， butylated hydroxytoluene，cedrol，n-hexadecanoic acid，squalene and cholesterol. CONCLUSION： It is the first time that volatile constituents of BC were presented. The functions of BC are related to the active chemical compositions.

To investigate the impact of HIV infection on semen quality and fertility. METHODS：Semen were collected from 5 healthy adult males and 23 HIV-infected males. Then routine semen parameters were measured by computer-assisted semen analysis system. Meanwhile，the influence of virus infection on the semen quality was analyzed. RESULTS：Comparing semen quality between healthy and HIV-infected adults，there was difference in sperm concentration，total sperm count，sperm vitality，sperm motility rate and sperm deformity rate (P＜0.01). The sperm concentration and total sperm count were 3 times lower in HIV-infected men. The sperm vitality and sperm motility were 3 fold more in healthy men. The sperm deformity was 2 fold more in HIV-infected men. The CD4+ T lymphocytes count in the semen from HIV-infected men was lower than that from healthy men，and there was significant correlation between CD4+ T lymphocytes count and sperm motility rate and sperm vitality ( r = 0.787 and 0.770，P＜0.01). CONCLUSION：HIV infection would seriously impact the semen quality and may decrease the fertility rate.

Observation and analysis of gene mutation of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci of the IdentifilerTM system in paternity testing. METHODS：Make use of the IdentifilerTM fluorescent multiplex PCR kit for indentification of 710 paternity cases. If the gene mutant was found we would be perform STRtyper fluorescent multiplex PCR kit or six mini Y-STR loci for detection of alleles. RESULTS： In the 615 cases identified in the parent-child relationship， seven cases of mutation were found in IdentifilerTM fluorescent multiplex PCR kit detection， of which 2 cases at vWA loci，and one each at D13S17， FGA， D18S51， D21S11 and D19S433 loci； step mutation in the six cases， two-step mutation in 1 case. Mutations were found in the father， aged over 35 years. CONCLUSION： 1-2 STR loci found are not in line with the expected by fluorescent multiplex PCR IdentifilerTM kit， it is necessary to increase STR loci with low mutation rate and good stability to confirm and to exclude consanguinity.

To evaluate the toxic effects of the extracted solution of disposable chopstick， toothpick or cup in murine L-929 cells. METHODS：According to the national standards，we prepared cell culture medium with the extracted solution of disposable chopsticks，toothpicks or cups. The cell morphology of murine L-929 cells was examined microscopically and cell viability was detected with WST-1 staining method. The detached cell ratios and the relative growth rate of L-929 cells were calculated. RESULTS：Compared with the control，after treatment for 4 days or 7 days，cells in the experimental groups showed signs of apoptosis or necrosis. The detached cell ratios were increased significantly (P<0.05)，while cell viability and relative growth rate declined significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION： Treatments with extracted solution of disposable chopstick，toothpick or cup could affect cell growth and proliferation，thus probably possess potential toxic effects.

To determine the acute oral toxicity and genetic toxicity of resveratrol (Res)，so to provide experimental basis for its application. METHODS：Acute oral toxicity test was performed in mice. The genetic toxicity of Res was evaluated by Ames test(Res doses at 5 000，1 000，200，40，8 μg each dish)，bone marrow micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test (Res was administered to mice at 7.500，3.750，1.875 g/kg doses). RESULTS：The acute oral maximum-tolerated dose(MTD) of resveratrol was greater than 15.0 g/kg. Ames test，micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test showed negative results. CONCLUSION：In our experimental context，resveratrol was classified as non-toxic substance. It did not produce genetic toxicity.

To discuss the mutagenesis and anti-mutagenesis effects of juglans mandshurica maxim extract (JMME) and to evaluate whether juglans mandshurica is genotoxic or not. METHODS：To choose 80 KM mice，and randomly grouped negative control group， positive control group (CP，0.04 g/kg)， water extract groups with different dose JMME (6.55，13.09，26.18 g/kg，1/8，1/4，1/2 LD50 )， and antimutagenicity groups with different dose JMME water extract and CP (0.04 g/kg). There were 8 groups with 10 mice each group. Test whether the JMME had genotoxicity and anti-mutagenic effect， marrow micronuclei test was carried out. RESULTS： The micronucleus incidence of negative control group was 2.65‰， and that of positive control group was 28.82 ‰ (P<0.01). But there were little statistical differences (P>0.05) between the water extract groups with different doses JMME and the negative control group. Comparing the antimutagenicity groups with the positive control group， the low dose (6.55 g/kg) group showed no statistical significance (P>0.05)， but both the intermediate dose (12.09 g/kg) group and the high dose (26.18 g/kg) group had significant difference (P<0.05)， and the high dose group was lower than the intermediate group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Under our experimental conditions，JMME had no genotoxicity. For the micronucleus incidence induced by CP， it had some dose-dependent anti-mutagenesis effect.

To investigate the acute toxicity and mutagenicity test of Paiduqinghuo herbal tea powder and evaluate its safety. METHODS： The acute toxicity and mortality were observed，maximum tolerated dose was determined by using the maximum tolerated dose method. The mutagenicity was observed by Ames test，mouse sperm abnormality test， bone marrow cell micronucleus test, respectively. RESULTS： The maximum tolerated dose are 36 g/kg and 18 g/kg. Ames test results showed that using 5 doses of Paiduqinghuo herbal tea powder(100，500，1 000，2 500， 5 000 μg/plate，respectively)，the number of revertant colonies of TA97，TA98， TA100，TA102 strains were not significantly different compared with negative control group. Mouse sperm abnormality test results showed that the rate in herbal tea powder groups(3，6，12 g/kg，respectively) were 1.75%-1.92%，which had no significant difference compared with the control group(1.95%) (P > 0.05). Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test results showed that the micronucleus rate in herbal tea powder groups(3，6，12 g/kg，respectively) were 0.4‰-1‰， which had no significant difference compared with control group (0.6 ‰-0.8 ‰) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION： Paiduqinghuo herbal tea powder is a non-toxic substance，under these experimental conditions，there was no mutagenic effect.

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.(SA) was assessed using human cell lines MRC-5 and Hep G2 in vitro. METHODS：MRC-5 and Hep G2 cells were treated with uncooked SA homogenate at 1 450，725，363，181，90.6，45.3，22.6，11.3 mg/ml for 24 h. Then the cytotoxicity was studied using the neutral red intake test and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) was obtained. According to the cytotoxicity results，Hep G2 cells were treated with SA at 72.5，36.3，18.1 mg/ml，and in vitro micronuclei (MN) incidence was analysed. The number of cells with MN was recorded and the frequency was calculated. RESULTS：IC50 was 133.1 mg/ml in MRC-5 cells and 185.1 mg/ml in Hep G2 cells which were all treated for 24 h with SA. The cytotoxicity of SA on MRC-5 cells originated from human lung was more severe than Hep G2 cells originated from human liver. There was no significant difference between the groups of various SA concentrations and the negative control (P>0.05) in Hep G2 cell micronuclei test. CONCLUSION：SA homogenate could selectively damage MRC-5 cells originated from human lung，compared to Hep G2 cells originated from human liver. No obvious damage to genetic materials could be observed in Hep G2 cells.

To determine the potentially teratogenic effects of lyophilized hirudin powder in rats. METHODS: Sixty pregnant rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, 3 groups treated with lyophilized hirudin powder (contain 3 mg which was equivalent to 50 AT-U natural hirudin per gram) with doses of 312.5, 1 250, 5 000 mg/kg, one negative control(distilled water) and a positive control(300 mg/kg aspirin), 12 pregnant rats in each group. The drugs were given orally for 10 days from 6th to 15th day after gestation. At 20th day the rats were sacrificed to examine the appearance, viscera, bones and physical growth of the fetuses. RESULTS: The body weight of pregnant rats, litter weight, live birth rate, fetal body weight and length in all treated groups were not significantly different from negative control group(P > 0.05), and no abnormality of organ or appearance was observed in the fetuses of treated groups. CONCLUSION: Lyophilized hirudin powder had no maternal toxicity，embryo toxicity and teratogenicity in rats at doses tested.

9/j.issn.1004-616x.2011.03.018 【ABSTRACT】 OBJECTIVE: Understanding the quality of secondary water supply for the development of targeted scientific basis in Yinchuan city. METHODS： The secondary water supply test data， analysis and evaluation were collected from 2007 to 2009. And using site visit and questioning， the secondary water supply unit sanitation and its management were also investigated. RESULTS：The quality of the 3 years’ secondary water supply had an overall pass rate of only 43.1%，mainly due to turbidity， iron， free residual chlorine and other projects exceeded. CONCLUSION： The unqualified terminal water supply， unreasonably designed secondary supply facilities，poor oversight and management were the main reasons for the unhealthy water quality of secondary water supply.

We discussed the value of liquid cytology system in the sputum of patients with lung cancer. METHODS：Samples which were treated with conventional preparation and those that were treated with LCT in 2009 were collected. All of the sputum specimens were diagnosed by the same cytologic pathologists. RESULTS：A total of 13 244 sputum specimens were evaluated with conventional preparation，454 (3.428%) of which were positive. 170 were squamous cell carcinoma，the positive rate was 1.284%，130 were adenocarcinoma，the positive rate was 0.982%. Also 210 samples were positive among 3 227 sputums specimens treated with LCT，the positive rate was 6.508%，63 were squamous cell carcinoma，the positive rate was 2.824%，89 were adenocarcinoma，the positive rate was 3.989%. The overall positive rate of the sputum specimeus delivered by oncology department was 11.022%. CONCLUSION：LCT smear contributed to increasing the positive rate of sputum cytology and it will be helpful in the screening and early diagnosis of high-risk populations with lung cancer.