硫芥中毒机制及救治药物研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-616x.2025.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 硫芥(SM)是一种典型的致死性化学战剂，其渗透能力强、中毒途径多样且防治难度大，具有重大的现实威胁。硫芥主要通过呼吸道吸入、皮肤渗透和眼睛接触等多种途径被机体吸收，与机体内DNA、RNA及蛋白质等发生烃化反应导致全身性损伤。目前硫芥的中毒机制主要包括细胞凋亡、谷胱甘肽耗竭、氧化应激、炎症反应、蛋白水解酶活化及钙离子稳态失衡等，但具体机制尚未完全阐明；救治药物主要集中在DNA损伤修复、抗氧化剂、干细胞或外泌体治疗、抗炎药物及蛋白酶抑制剂等方面。本文对国内外关于硫芥的毒性作用机制和救治药物的研究进展进行综述，旨在为未来硫芥的高效救治提供新思路。

关键词: 硫芥, 中毒机制, DNA损伤, 细胞凋亡, 氧化应激, 外泌体治疗, 救治药物

中图分类号:

R827.1

曹猛, 龙子, 于卫华, 孔德钦, 吴昊, 刘江正, 王钊, 刘瑞, 张倩, 海春旭. 硫芥中毒机制及救治药物研究进展[J]. 癌变·畸变·突变, 2025, 37(4): 341-345.

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