染色体外环状DNA的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-616x.2023.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 染色体外环状DNA(eccDNA)是一类独立于染色体的环状闭合DNA分子，呈现单链或双链，长度主要在1 kb以下，广泛存在于自然界中。目前认为，eccDNA的起源并非随机而是具有明显的序列倾向性，并提示其具有潜在的调控基因表达和影响基因组稳定性和可塑性等作用。eccDNA的生成是一个多机制参与的复杂过程，主要包括染色体微缺失、细胞凋亡和凋亡介导的DNA片段化以及DNA损伤修复等过程。eccDNA染色体起源和亚细胞定位的不同，决定了eccDNA具有调控相关基因表达、产生特异转录本、激活免疫炎症反应等不同的功能。eccDNA在孕妇外周血、成神经管细胞瘤、晚期慢性肾病等不同生理或病理状态下，表现出长度、丰度和表观遗传学等方面的特异性分子特征，同时它的环状结构赋予其较高的稳定性，提示其可能具有成为新型生物标志物的潜力，在液体活检等领域可能具有应用价值。本综述旨在阐明eccDNA的生物学特性、生物学功能以及潜在应用等方面的最新研究进展，为了解eccDNA的发生机制、特征和作用以及为后续研究提供思路。

关键词: 染色体外环状DNA, 细胞凋亡, DNA损伤修复, 生物标志物

中图分类号:

Q354

武慧慧, 耿淑慧, 郭志涛, 孟祥宁, 朱静. 染色体外环状DNA的研究进展[J]. 癌变·畸变·突变, 2023, 35(5): 392-397.

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