BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: Hepatitis B is a public health problem of worldwide importance. To explore possibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vertically transmitting via spermatozoon, to study the replication and expression of sperm-mediated HBV genes in two-cell embryos of golden hamster. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Golden hamster oocytes were fertilized with spermatozoa cocultured with pBR322-HBV DNA plasmids. The slide preparation and RNA extraction of two-cell embryos were carried out. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RT-PCR and immunofluoresence assay were performed to detect the replication and expression of sperm-mediated HBV genes in the embryonic cells. RESULTS: ① FISH HBV DNA-positive signals within each nucleus of two-cell embryo in the test sample were observed. ② RT-PCR the positive bands for HBx DNA in the tested samples were detected.③ Immunofluoresence assay the HBsAg-positive signals within cytoplasm of embryonic cells in the test sample were found. CONCLUSION: Sperm-mediated HBV genes are able to replicate themselves and express their function in early mouse embryo. It suggested that the vertical transmission of HBV via male germ cells from father to offspring could exist.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： To study the changes of cellulosity and tumorigenicity of the two cell strains derived from different morphologic colonies in the process of malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell strain 2B(BEAS-2B) treated with thiotepa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The two different morphologic colonies, which derived from transformed BEAS-2B cells by thiotepa, were isolated and cultivated respectively. We established the two cell strains and named them human bronchial epithelial cell strain S(BEAS-S) and human bronchial epithelial cell strain C(BEAS-C).With the passage, the immunocytochemistry stain,cellular agglutination test and anchorage independence test were used to analyze their changes of cellulosity and tumorigenicity. RESULTS:With the passage, the basal cell's special marker cytokeration 34βE12 express increased in BEAS-C cells as its cellular agglutination and tumorigenicity,but these don't change obviously in the BEAS-2B cells and BEAS-S cells.CONCLUSION: The basal cell might be the stem cell of malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the morphometric difference of these cells and colonies provided valuable information to the morphometrig research of transformation of human-originated cells.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To investigate the effect of acrylamide(AA) on the tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells. MATERTAL AND METHODS: L5178Y cells were treated with AA at different concentrations. Determination of cytotoxicity, cell inoculation efficiency, relative survival rate and mutation frequency was performed. RESULTS: The relative survival rate and suspension growth rate of L5178Y cells decreased significantly with the increasing doses of AA. The mutation frequency of tk gene induced by AA(150～750 μg/ml) was 1～9 times higher than that of spontaneous mutation frequency of L5178Y cells. CONCLUSION: AA have obvious cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on tk gene in L5178Y cell.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: The preventive effects of curcumi on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in golden syrian hamster were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hamsters were divided into four groups, i.e. the positive control group (the left buccal pouches of animal were topically treated with 0.5 ％ DMBA in mineral oil three times per week for 14 weeks) ,two curcumin treated groups and the negative control group (mineral oil applied topically). The animals in curcumin treated groups received 5 and 10 μmol/L curcumin applied topically 3 times per week before starting the DMBA treatment and until the end of the experiment. RESULTS: Ten μmol/L curcumin significantly decreased the oral visible tumor incidence from 95.0 ％ to 60.0 ％ (P<0.01) and the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) incidence from 85.0 ％ to 55.0 ％(P<0.01). Five μmol/L curcumin significantly decreased the number of visible tumors, the tumor volume, as well as the numbers of dysplasic lesions and SCC by 21.0 ％, 36.3 ％, 29.9 ％ and 29.3 ％, respectively. Ten μmol/L curcumin decreased significantly by 36.8 ％,63.8 ％,37.2 ％ and 44.4 ％, respectively. Curcumin also decreased the frequency of micronucleated cells in hyperlasis, dysplasia and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling index in hyperlasis, dysplasia and Carcinoma, but do not have effect on cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that curcumin could effectively inhibit DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters and such inhibition may be related to protecting DNA damage, the suppression of cell proliferation.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the expression of HSP70 gene from tissues of Gastric carcinoma,Esophagus carcinoma and Cervical carcinoma. MATRAIAL AND METHODS: Tissue samples of cancers(gastric carcinoma, esophagus cancer, cervical carcinoma)were obtained from operating room of hospital.RNA was extracted according to the cyanic acid guanidine law of different sulphur separately,RNA separation carried out with 1 ％ agarose electrophoresis.RNA was transfered from the straining gel to (Northern blot ) the membrane , and then using HSP70 gene probe P17 was applied to the RNA from gastric carcinoma,esophagus carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. RESULTS: The results indicates that HSP70 gene plays an important role in the development of cancer. It also provided valuable clues for the understanding of mechanism of cancer genesis and gene treatment for cancer.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: Ginsenoside Rg3 is a kind of effective chemical trace component extracted from the red panix. Many studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 might block angiogenesis and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in anti-tumor is now one of hot point of chinese traditional medicine researches. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of Rg3 on induction apopotosis of human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. MATERAIL ＆ METHODS: The cell proliferation inhibition was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The morphological changes of cells were observed by fluorescence staining of Hoechst 33258. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA ladder was showed by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS： There was obviously a concentration-dependent relationship between Rg3 and inhibition of the cell proliferation，r=0.953, (P<0.05). IC50 was 71.91 μg/ml Rg3 after treatment for 48 hours. The cells treated with 150 μg/ml Rg3 for 48 hours showed morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells with the condensed chromatin, the nuclear fragmentation, the apoptotic body and brighter green fluorescent. FCM assay indicated that Rg3 regulated cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. The percentage of cells in S phase and G2-M phase was increased, whereas the percentage of cells in G0-G1 was decreased. The apoptosis rates were increased from(0.45±0.25) ％ to(34.86±4.65)％ in MCF-7 cells after treatment with Rg3 for 48 hours. The cells treated with 150 μg/ml Rg3 for 24 and 48 hours reveal an obvious DNA ladder. CONCLUSION： The results suggested that Ginsenoside Rg3 exerts an inhibiting effect on human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by inducing apoptosis of the cells.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the intervene role of acanthopanax sentiocosus (APS) in mice Lung during mice Lewis lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lewis lung cancer C57/BL mice were divided into acanthopanax senticasus＋cyclophosphemide(CP),cyclophosphemide, acanthopanax sentiocosus and tumor groups.The tumor weight and inhibitory rate of each group were detected by elisa,PAI-1 and uPA activation. RESULTS: The content of PAI-1,uPA of plasma and tumor, lung of APS group mice was significantly lower than tumor group in each time. CONCLUSION: APS exhibited intervention effects on the invasion and metastasis of cancer, and mice in APS plus CP group were getting better than APS alone group and CP alone group.

BACKGROUND＆AIM: To investigate the effects of Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine-1(PTCM-1) on the proliferation and the cell cycle change arrest of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5 dipheny1 tetrazolium bromide(MTT) colorimetric assay. The cell cycle phase was analysised by flow cytometry. RESULTS: PTCM-1 inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in dose-dependent manner and in time-dependent manner from 0 h to 72 h. After treated by PTCM-1 for 48 h, the SGC-7901 cells were accumulated in G2＋M phase in the cell cycle, and the ratio of cells in G0/G1, S phase was decreased. CONCLUSION: PTCM-1 can inhibit proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. It interferences into the cell cycle may be one of mechinism of its antitumor activity.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the expressions of Cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),TypeⅡ nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) proteins in esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC) and their relationship to tumor differentiation,lymph nodes metastasis,Proliferating cell nuclear antien(PCNA) and Bcl-2. MATERIAL ＆ METHODS: The expressions of COX-2,iNOS, PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins in 65 cases of ESCC were defermined quantitatively by Flow Cytometry. RESULTS: The expressions of COX-2,iNOS in poorly-differentiated ESCC were higher than those of well- differentiated ESCC(P=0.0001，0.0385).There was positive correlationship between COX-2 and iNOS. The expressions of the two proteins did not correlate with lymph nodes metastasis.COX-2 expression correlated with PCNA,Bcl-2 expressions .No significant association was found between iNOS expression and PCNA,Bcl-2 expressions. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of COX-2 and iNOS closely related to tumor differentiation in ESCC.They may promote carcinogenesis in coordination.COX-2 may contribute to tumor proliferation,suppress apoptosis by stimulating Bcl-2 expression.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on expressions of glucose transporters (GLUTs) gene and testosterone production in adult rat Leydig cells and the relationship between steroidogenesis and glucose metabolism in adult rat Leydig cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS：The rat Leydig cells were isolated using modified Klinefelter’s method. The regulatory effects of IGF-Ⅰand hCG on GLUTs gene expression in primary cultured rat Leydig cells were investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS：The rat Leydig cells with the purity of 98 ％ were isolated. hCG caused dose- and time-dependent increases of GLUT8 mRNA levels. IGF-I (100 ng/ml) could also increase GLUT8 mRNA expression significantly. IGF-I and hCG had synergistic effects on GLUT8 mRNA expression (P<0.001). This result was consistent to the result from the experiment in which IGF-I (100 ng/ml) and hCG (10 ng/ml) can increase testosterone level synergistically (P<0.001). However, in primary cultured rats Leydig cells, neither GLUT1 nor GLUT3 mRNA expression was affected by the treatment with hCG(10 ng/ml), IGF-I (100 ng/ml), or the combination of hCG (10 ng/ml) and IGF-I (100 ng/ml). CONCLUSION： In adult rat Leydig cells, regulatory effects of IGF-I and hCG on GLUT8 mRNA expression are specific. IGF-I and hCG can significantly increase GLUT8 mRNA expression level synergistically.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 4(Flt-4) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detection of VEGF-C and its receptor Flt-4 by RT-PCR in 12 paracancer tissues and 40 NSCLC cases and by Strept avidin-biotin peroxidase(S-P) immunohistochemical staining in 10 paracancer tissues, 60 NSCLC cases and 32 metastaticlymph nodes of NSCLC. RESULTS：RT-PCR detection result：the relative contents of VEGF-C mRNA and Flt-4 mRNA in NSCLC were higher than that in paracancer tissues and had positive correlation with lymph node metastasis. The expression of VEGF-CmRNA had positive correlation with tumor TNM stage. S-P detection result：The difference of positive expression rate of VEGF-C and Flt-4 in NSCLC and paracancer tissues and lymphatic node metastasis was significant respectively. The expression of VEGF-C of NSCLC correlated with the TNM stages. The expression of VEGF-C and Flt4 of NSCLC was closely related to lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C,Flt-4 had no relation with the histological type and pathologic grade. The microvessels of positive Flt-4 in lymphatic node with metastasis were higher than that in lymphatic node without metastasis. The difference was significant. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF-C, secreted by lung cancer cells, up-regulates the expression of Flt-4 in NSCLC and takes its effect via Flt-4 receptors in cell membrane by autocrine. It contributes to the genesis of NSCLC. Expression of VEGF-C can serve as the indication of lymphatic metastasis in lung cancer.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on testicular structural and functional disturbance in male rats and the protective effect of vitamin A against it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty 30 healthy Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, alcohol 7.5 g/kg and alcohol 7.5 g/kg＋vitamin A 50 μg/kg. Alcohol and vitamin A were administrated to the rats for 13 weeks by a gastric tube. The sperm counting,motility and the percentage of abnormal sperm were observed. Serum testosterone (T) was determined. The patholgical changes of testicle tissue of rats were observed by light and electron microscopy. The malonaldehyde (MDA) content of testicular mitochondrial was simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Compared with control group the sperm counting and motility of the alcohol group decreased (P<0.05). The frequency of abnormal sperm increased (P<0.05). Serum T level significantly decreased (P<0.05). The MDA content was markedly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). Histological evaluation of testes revealed that seminiferous epithelium was disorganized and that sertoli cells and germ cells degenerated in alcohol-treated rats. Vitamin A supplementation inhibited the testicular mitochondrial MDA formation and as a result germ cells degeneration was improved. Sperm counting and motility were higher than that of the alcohol treated group,but it didn't prevent the decline of serum T level. CONCLUSION: Chronic alcohol intake led to spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis inhibition in testes. Vitamin A supplementation prevented testis from the peroxidation injury which was a result of chronic alcohol exposure. To a certain degree, vitamin A supplementation protected the spermatogenesis function, but Leydig cell injury still occurred.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： To study the significance of C-met mRNA in axillary drainage after operations for breast cancer． MATERIAL AND METHODS： RT-PCR assay was used to examine the expression of C-met mRNA and human glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(hGAPDH) in axillary drainage after operations in 32 cases of breast cancer，The relationship between the expression of C-met and the tumor size and the numbers of lymph nodes metastasis and the Estrogen receptor(ER) and Progesterone receptor(PR) status was analyzed． RESULTS：①The overall positive expression rate of C-met in axillary lymphatic drainage was 84.38 ％，which was higher than that in routine pathological method of the axillary lymph nodes to detect micrometastasis(P<0.05)，and the positive cases of C-met expression were correlated with the numbers of metastatic lymph nodes．②Positive cases for C-met expression were correlated with the tumor size (P<0.01)．③C-met negative cases showed the tendency of negative correlations with ER and PR negative cases． CONCLUSION： Detection of C-met mRNA in axillary drainage after operation for breast cancer using RT-PCR，the positive cases suggest existence of micrometastasis of cancer cells in the lymphatic of chest wall of breast cancer patients and there was a potential of recurrence and metastasis．The study suggests that it could be earlier and more accurate to detect micrometastasis using RT-PCR of the axillary lymphatic drainage for C-met expression in the axillary fluids than routine pathological method on the axillary lymph nodes．

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of intraoperative internal iliac arterial chemotherapy in the course of radical surgery of cervical cancer . MATERIAL AND METHODS： To retrospectively analyse the clinical data of 105 patients with cervical cancer, who received a radical surgery of cervical cancer and were also administered Cisplatin(DDP) via the internal iliac artery during the operation(DDP group).A nonrandomized control group of 50 patients who were not administered DDP intraoperatively was used for comparison (control group). Their therapeutic effect in the near future, recurrence of postoperation and the result of follow-up (including the survival rate and recurrence rate) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS： The recurrence rate of DDP group was 4.81 ％ and 5 cases recurred diversion (3 cases pelvic cavity diversion, 2 cases distant diversion) within 3 years｀ follow-up and the recurrence rate of control group was 18.00 ％，and 8 cases recurred diversion(7 cases pelvic cavity diversion, 1 cases distant diversion) within 3 years' follow-up . The recurrence rate of control group was higher than that of the DDP group (P=0.027).The two years' survival rate in DDP group was 95.035 4 ％ and in control group was 83.623 7 ％ , respectively (P=0.047). The four years' survival rate was 95.035 4 ％ in DDP group and 79.483 3 ％ in control group(P=0.012). CONCLUSION： Intraoperative bilateral internal iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy in the course of radical surgery of cervical cancer can lower the recurrence rate the and effectively raise the survival rate.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To explore peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2(IL-2) level in patients with cervical cancer in stage before and after intraoperation radiation therapy (IROT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before and after radiotherapy,the T-lymphocyte subsets and IL-2 were measured in 61 patients with cervical cancer in stage, including 28 patients with IROT and 31 ones with simple radiotherapy(SR),and contrasting to 20 normal controls by using flow cytometry and radio immune assay. RESULTS: After radiotherapy,the radio CD4,CD4/CD8 and IL-2 with IROT were significantly higher than those with SR. CONCLUSION: The influence of IROT on immunity of patients with cervical cancer in stage was lighter than that of SR.So,IROT contribute to recovery after radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the circumstance of traffic air pollution and its effects on the rate of micro-nuclear and sister chromatic exchange and of traffic police in one city and to provide scientific proofs for the management of vehicles and the protection of the occupational group. METERIAL AND METHODS: According to the distribution of the traffic,representative cross roads and a control point were selected and monitored.The monitoring items include the number of inhale,particles(IP),nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbon(CmHn).The common and health situation of 196 traffic policemen who worked at cross roads and 148 traffic policemen who worked in the office were investigated by means of questionnaires.At the same time,65 traffic policemen who worked at cross roads and 49 traffic policemen who worked in the office whose duration of working exceeded five years were selected by random sample.Micro-nuclear and sister chromatic exchanges in peripheral blood were measured. RESULTS: The concentration of CO，NOx，CmHn and IP in the monitoring point is significantly higher than that in the control point.The concentration of the pollutions has positive correlation with the number of vehicles；Compared with the traffic policemen who worked in the office,the rate of SCE of the traffic policemen who worked at cross roads have significant difference among the different working years,with the working years increasing,the rate of SCE increased；the rate of MN and SCE of the smoking are significantly higher than that of the non-smoking,The rate of SCE of the traffic policemen who worked at cross roads have significant difference between different working years. CONCLUSION: The level of the traffic air pollution of the cross roads in one city has positive correlation with the number of vehicles. The concentration of CO,NOx significantly exceeded the standards；Long-time exposed to traffic air pollution can cause chromatic injury of the traffic policemen who worked at cross road；Smoking can increase the effects of chromatic injury of the traffic air pollution on human bodies.