外泌体非编码RNA在肿瘤化疗耐药中作用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-616x.2023.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肿瘤的化疗药物耐药是指肿瘤细胞对药物的敏感性降低，使药物的疗效下降甚至无效的现象，是肿瘤化疗失败的重要原因。外泌体是一类细胞外囊泡，由肿瘤微环境中的癌细胞和多种基质细胞分泌。外泌体可通过将它们的内含物(包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质和脂质等)转移到癌细胞中增加化疗药物抗性；同时外泌体的损耗也会逆转某些不利于肿瘤代谢的影响因素，并恢复对化疗药物的敏感性。非编码RNA(ncRNA)为不具备编码蛋白质功能的基因组转录产物，在基因转录、转录后及翻译水平发挥调控作用。研究较多的ncRNA包括微小RNA(microRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)等。近年来的研究发现，外泌体非编码RNA在细胞间通信中起着关键作用，能够影响肿瘤的发生、发展、转移、侵袭、肿瘤微环境以及耐药性。对肿瘤耐药相关的外泌体ncRNA进行研究，已经揭示了外泌体ncRNA在耐药与肿瘤发展中的一些分子机制、靶点通路以及功能。本文对microRNA、lncRNA和circRNA等外泌体ncRNA在肿瘤耐药中的相关功能和作用机制展开综述，希望对研究肿瘤耐药的液体活检分子标志物，理解肿瘤耐药的新机制，肿瘤耐药性的逆转和新化疗药物的开发提供新思路。

关键词: 肿瘤, 耐药, 外泌体非编码RNA, 化疗药物, 治疗靶点

中图分类号:

Q354

付岩松, 董博南, 耿淑慧, 孟祥宁, 朱静. 外泌体非编码RNA在肿瘤化疗耐药中作用的研究进展[J]. 癌变·畸变·突变, 2023, 35(1): 71-77.

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