OBJECTIVE：To explore the toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to HK-2 cells，and its effect on the expression of oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1) in HK-2 cells. METHODS：The effect of different concentrations of PFOA on HK-2 cells proliferation was examined by MTT assay. The effect of PFOA (0，100，300 μmol/L) on mRNA expression of OXGR1，succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in HK-2 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. The effect of different concentrations (0，1，10，100，1 000，10 000 μmol/L) of α-ketoglutarate sodium (AKG) on HK-2 cell proliferation with or without PFOA (300 μmol/L) was assayed by MTT method. Apoptoses of HK-2 cells after 48 h of culture in medium with PFOA (300 μmol/L) and AKG (100 μmol/L) were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS：1 000 μmol/L of PFOA exhibited toxicity after 24 h of culture (P<0.01). PFOA(≥100 μmol/L) exhibited toxicity after 48 h or 72 h of culture (P<0.01). RT-PCR showed that PFOA upregulated OXGR1 mRNA expression in HK-2 cells，but it had no effects on the expressions of SUCNR1 and HIF-1α mRNA. Interaction of AKG and PFOA inhibited proliferation of HK-2 cells (P<0.001) and induced apoptosis (P<0.05)， which were measured by MTT and flow cytometry. CONCLUSION： PFOA could inhibit the proliferation of HK-2 cells，and upregulate mRNA expression of OXGR1. PFOA could induce apoptosis of HK-2 cells；interaction of AKG and PFOA could also induce apoptosis，and whether this interaction is OXGR1 dependant remains to be further verified.

 OBJECTIVE: The plasma low-molecular weight metabolites of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by liquid chromatography-time of flight- mass spectrography( LC/TOF-MS) to explore potential biomarkers for the early detection of ESCC. METHODS：Plasma samples were obtained from 30 ESCC patients and 30 healthy volunteers，low-molecular weight metabolites were identified by LC/TOF-MS，feature detection was performed by MassHunter software MFE algorithm，statistical analysis was conducted by MPP software，and primary identification was achieved by searching METLIN database. RESULTS：Compared to healthy controls，46 differentially expressed features were detected，13 of which were up-regulated in ESCC group，while the other 33 were down-regulated. After searching with METLIN database，plasma levels of PA，PS，PG were significantly lower in ESCC group. CONCLUSION：ESCC patients are markedly different from healthy people in plasma metabolite composition，and the LC/TOF-MS plasma metabonomics shed light on esophageal cancer early detection and screening.

 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of liquid formaldehyde on the triglyceride content of HepG2 hepatocytes. METHODS：HepG2 cells were treated with formaldehyde in 0.02，0.1，0.5，2.5 and 12.5 mmol/L concentrations，CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability. Triglyceride was measured by triglyceride GPO-POD assay kit after formaldehyde exposure.  The expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1)，sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c，ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and coat protein comlex Ⅰ(COPⅠ) were assessed by western blot after treatment with formaldehyde in 0.004，0.02，0.1 mmol/L concentrations. RESULTS：0.5－12.5 mmol/L FA exposure of 24 h or 0.1-12.5 mmol/L FA exposure of 48 h could significantly reduce the viability of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). TG contents were increased significantly after exposure to 0.1 mmol/L FA for 24 hours or 0.1 and 0.02 mmol/L FA for 48 h (P<0.05). CPT1 expression levels were significantly decreased after 48 h exposure，but SREBP-1c and COPⅠexpression levels were increased after both 24 h and 48 h exposures. Arf1 expression level was significantly increased after 24 h exposure. CONCLUSION：FA exposure could increase intracellular TG contents in HepG2 cells，and it may be associated with inhibition of fatty acid β oxidation and increased synthesis of triglyceride.

 OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential role of hsa-miR-21-3p in invasion and migration ability of esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca9706. METHODS：Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression level of miR-21-3p in Eca9706 cells and control transfected with 30 nmol/L of hsa-miR-21-3p mimics after 48 h. Transwell and wound healing experiment were carried out to determine cell invasion and migration ability of Eca9706 cells transfected with hsa-miR-21-3p mimics. RESULTS：Hsa-miR-21-3p expression level in hsa-miR-21-3p mimics- transfected Eca9706 was increased 1.1×104 times compared with negative control. Transwell assay showed the number of transmembrane cells in experimental group was increased 81.1% compared with negative control，suggested that over-expression of hsa-miR-21-3p enhanced the invasion ability of Eca9706 cells. Wound healing experiment demonstrated the capacity of Eca9706 cells migration was strengthened after transfection with hsa-miR-21-3p mimics. CONCLUSION：Up-regulation of hsa-miR-21-3p might serve as an oncogene and participate in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer.

 OBJECTIVE: The reproductive toxicity of static magnetic field (SMF) was investigated using mouse preantral follicle 3D culture in vitro system established in our laboratory. METHODS：Ovaries was removed from 12 days old female mice. (130±10) μm preantral follicles were isolated and encapsulated into alginate hydrogel，then cultured in droplets for 8 days. Experimental groups were treated by different intensity (5 and 450 mT) SMF. Diameter of follicles was measured every other day. The ovulation of antral follicles was induced by HCG hormone，and the matured oocytes (first polar body emission) were identified under the stereomicroscope. RESULTS：Follicles in each group were well developed on morphologically. Follicular diameter of each group gradually increased with culture time. Follicular diameter of 450 mT SMF-treated group was significantly increased at 4 days (P<0.05)，and diameter of 5 and 450 mT SMF- treated group was significantly increased at 6 days(P<0.05)，compared with that of control group. With the increasing intensity of SMF，the cavity formation rate of the follicles was obviously elevated，but the oocytes maturation rate of 450 mT SMF-treated group was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION： The alginate hydrogel could maintains the 3D structure of individual mouse follicle. With increasing strength of SMF，the diameter of secondary follicles was statistically increased，the cavity formation ratio was also markedly increased，but the process of oocyte  maturation was inhibited by 450 mT SMF.

 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Leek seed polysaccharide on the proliferation and apoptosis of human esophagus cancer cell EC9706. METHODS：Flow cytometry，Hoechst33258 staining，transmission electron microscope and DNA gel electrophoresis were used. RESULTS：Proliferation of EC9706 cells was significantly inhibited by Leek seed polysaccharide at the dose of 40 μg/mL(P<0.05). Moreover，after 48 hour of treatment by Leek seed polysaccharide，obvious characteristic features of apoptosis and DNA ladder were also induced. CONCLUSION： Leek seed polysaccharide could inhibit EC9706 cell proliferation and induce its apoptosis.

 OBJECTIVE: To provide the basis for studies on the biological dose estimation of peripheral blood lymphocyte in molecular level and the mechanism of radiation injury. METHODS：Using whole genome microarray technology，the gene expression profiles and the pathways of the rat peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied 6，12，24 h after irradiated by 2.0 Gy γ ray. The results were verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. RESULTS：At 6 h，there were 534 differentially expressed genes，of which 332 genes were up-regulated and 202 genes down-regulated. At 12 h，there were 2 001 differentially expressed genes，of which 1 258 were up-regulated and 743 down-regulated. At 24 h，there were 6 925 differentially expressed genes，of which 2 814 were up-regulated and 4 111 down-regulated. There were 270 common differentially expressed genes at three time points，of which 143 were up-regulated and 127 genes down-regulated. In the analysis of differentially expressed genes，27 pathways were related to the differentially expressed genes at 6 h，22 pathways related at 12 h，and 41 pathways related at 24 h. The relative quantitative results of RT-PCR were consistent with the results of gene chip test in Trmt61a，Tlr3 and Enc1 genes. CONCLUSION：The differentially expressed genes of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes increased time after irradiation，and the screened pathways were also different. The mechanisms involved in radiation injury were also different  at various time poins after irradiation.

 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety of intravenous injection of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in rats after acute radiation. METHODS：A total of 45 SPF male SD rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups：blank control group，radiation control group and radiation grafting group. Rat ADSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Irradiated control group and irradiated grafting rats were received 7 Gy dose total body irradiation once. Rats in each group received injection via tail vein，with 10 mL/ kg of 1×106 ADSCs as the irradiated grafting group and the equal volume physiological saline as blank control group and irradiated control group. The rats were observed for 34 days for their general reactions before they were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for hematological studies at the 16th day and biochemical studies at the 34th day. Visceral organs were inspected and studied pathologically. RESULTS：No significant difference in weight，hematological and biochemical studies was detected between radiation grafting and radiation control groups(P<0.05). No significant difference was found in histopathological examination in the visceral organs among blank control，radiation control and radiation grafting groups，no appearance of acute and chronic graft versus host disease was obsessed. CONCLUSION：Intravenous infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells was feasible and safe. No side effects were found in recipients.

 OBJECTIVE: To study the cognition status and using of pre-packaged food nutrition labeling and related knowledge of nutrition in Taiyuan consumers and to provide basis for nutrition education and publicity. METHODS：A self-designed questionnaire included the basic data of respondents，nutrition labeling cognition and usage，nutrition knowledge. Using stratified random sampling method，we surveyed 400 consumers proportionately in 6 districts of Taiyuan city in April to May 2013. The data were collected through residents completing the questionnaire themselves or through being interviewed. Face-to-face interviews data ensured integrity and met the requirements. And the data was analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS：400 people were interviewed and 390 valid questionnairs returned， including 152 males and 238 females，with the mean age as (35.2±14.3) years. Food nutrition label awareness rate was 79.3%；satisfied with the label contents and forms was 83.3%；that nutrition claims and nutrient function claims helpful were 68.7% and 68.3%，respectively；43.3% of consumers always/often read the nutrition facts to understand the nutritional properties of food and suitable diet；61.8% of consumers were willing to change their choice according to the information on nutrition labelling. Logistic regression analysis of factors related to food nutrition labels on food to buy found that consumers who often read the nutrient composition and thought nutrition claims were helpful were more willing to choose according to the label information. CONCLUSION：Consumers’ trust on the nutrition label and understanding degree were low，and on the nutritional label cognition and use level were not high. To enable consumers to practically use nutrition label to achieve a rational diet，we should increase publicity and education on consumers to use nutrition labels.

 OBJECTIVE: To study cytogenetics change on the residents of three villages in electronic wastes recycling area of a town in Tianjin，and analyze the damaging effect to human beings caused by pollutants of electronic wastes. METHODS：171 residents were randomly selected as population sample chromosome aberration (CA)， cytokinesis-blockmicronucleus (CBMN) test and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) were performed. 30 residents who lived near the electronic waste recycling town but never had contact with electronic wastes were recruited as control group. To assess CA，CBMN and DNA damage of samples in different gender and age，exposure group was divided into subgroups according to gender and age. RESULTS：Total rate of CA of the 171 residents was 5.50%，and CBMN rate was 16.99‰. Significant differences were found in both. The same difference was found in DNA percent in the tail (TDNA，%)，tail moment (TM) and Olive tail moment (OTM) detected by SCGE compared with control group. The level of chromosome aberration，micronucleus rate and DNA damage of female group were significantly higher than that of male group，but no significant difference was found among three age groups. CONCLUSION：The pollutants of electronic wastes were latent genetic mutagens indeed，causing cytogenetics damage to the population who have been exposed. The harmful effect to humans and their offsprings should not be ignored.

 OBJECTIVE: To explore the dose- and time-dependent effect on cell cycle of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and epithelioid lung fibroblasts cells (W138) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. METHODS：The untreated group of 16HBE and W138 cells were used as negative control group and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group as solvent control. 16HBE and W138 cells were exposed to different concentrations of BaP (1，2，4，8，16 and 32 μmol/L) for 24 hours. 16HBE and W138 cells exposed to 16 μmol/L BaP were collected at different time points (0，1，2，4，8，12 and 24 h).  16HBE and W138 cells exposed to 16 μmol/L for 4 h were collected after different recovery times (0，1，2，4，8，12 and 24 h). Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle. RESULTS：Compared with the negative control group，the proportion of S phase cells was significantly increased as BaP exposure dose and time increased (P<0.05). With the extension of recovery time 2-12 h (with normol cell culture condition)，the proportion of S phase 16HBE cells increased (P<0.05) compared with negative group (32.43%). At 24 h of recovery time the proportion of S phase (24.52%) showed no significance (P>0.05) compared with negative group (26.41%). The proportion of S phase W138 cells with the extension of recovery time 0-4 h increased (P<0.05)，compared with negative group (32.42%). The proportion of S phase cells decreasd at 8 h of recovery time with no significance between the negative group (32.42%) and recovery 24h group (32.89%).  CONCLUSION：BaP exposure could lead to 16HBE and W138 cell cycle arrested in S phase，but G1 and G2 did not change significantly.

 OBJECTIVE: Preliminary studies were performed on a device for preparing hydrogen-rich water，preparation of hydrogen-rich water，and hydrogen-rich water preservation method. METHODS：After preparation of hydrogen-rich water， the effect of the ventilation under different pressures (0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4 MPa)，the different ventilation time (0.5，1，2，4，8 h) and the different vacuum time (0，5，10，30，60 min) on the hydrogen concentration of hydrogen-rich water were measured，and the impact of the temperature，storage containers，observing time，content and membrane filtration on the hydrogen concentration changes of hydrogen-rich water were also evaluated. RESULTS：The ventilation pressure had no significant effect on the hydrogen concentration(P>0.05).  Ventilation time and vacuum time showed a certain effect on hydrogen concentration when ventilating above 4 h or vacuum pumping more than 5 min，the hydrogen concentration increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01)，which was gradually decreased with the extension of storage time(P<0.05). The storage container and the temperature of preservation had no obviously effect on hydrogen concentration(P>0.05). The amount of water loaded had obvious effect on hydrogen concentration(P<0.05). Filtration reduced hydrogen concentration(P<0.05). CONCLUSION：We have successfully prepared hydrogen-rich water in certain concentration，and studied the preservation methods of hydrogen-rich water.

 OBJECTIVE: Development of a screening system for DNA damage and repair based on dual luciferase assay in human HepG2 cells. METHODS：5 μmol/L CdCl2 was used to treat the plasmid pTK-RL in vitro. Plasmid pgadd153-luc and damaged pTK-RL were co-transfected into HepG2 cells and then the reconstituted HepG2 cells were treated with sixteen DNA-damaging agents and three non-genotoxic agents. The DNA damage and DNA repair abilities of HepG2 cells were measured by dual luciferase assay. Three organic extracts from different sites of soil (residential area，garbage dump and farmland) were evaluated by dual luciferase assay. DNA damage was detected by Comet assay. RESULTS：The dual luciferase assay could identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic agents. The three different soil samples had various levels of inducing DNA damage and decreasing DNA repair capacities in HepG2 cells following the order：residential area >garbage dump>farmland. CONCLUSION：In this study，the dual luciferase assay was developed to measure DNA damage and repair.

 OBJECTIVE: To establish Ames fluctuation test，in vitro micronucleus assay with Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (CHL) and mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk+/-) locus mutation assay (MLA) as a new battery of methods to evaluate genotoxicity. METHODS：Ames fluctuation test：TA100 Salmonella strain was exposed to sodium azide (SA) without S9 and cyclophosphamide (CP) with S9 in 96-well plate. The number of positive wells was recorded and Chi-square test was performed to analyze statistical significance.  In vitro micronucleus test：CHL cells were exposed to mitomycin C (MMC) without S9 for 4 h or 24 h，and CP with S9 for 4 h. The number of micronucleated cells in 2 000 cells was counted under oil lens to calculate micronucleus rate. Chi-square test was performed to analyze statistical significance. MLA：After spontaneous mutation having been eliminated，L5178Y 3.7.2C cells were exposed to MMC without S9 and CP with S9 for 3 h. Relative survival rate (RS)，relative suspension growth rate (RSG)，relative total growth rate (RTG)，plate efficiency (PE0，PE2)，mutation rate (MF) and the proportion of small colony (SC) were calculated. RESULTS：Both SA and CP showed statistically significant positive dose-dependently results without and with S9，respectively. Micronucleu s rates increased dose-dependently both in MMC (4 h，24 h，-S9) and CP (4 h，+S9) treated groups at different concentrations.  MFs of L5178Y 3.7.2C cells exposed to different concentrations of MMC (4 h， 24 h，-S9) and CP (4 h，+S9) increased dose-dependently and more than twice compared to the vehicle control， while PE，RS，RSG and RTG decreased dose-dependently. CONCLUSION：These three new short-term assays could be used to detect genotoxicity more accurately and more extensively.

 OBJECTIVE: To explore the toxicological safety of Chia seed. METHODS：Acute toxicity tests and mutagenicity tests (Ames test，micronucleus test of bone marrow cell in mice and sperm shape abnormality test in mice) were used. The dose of 22.5 g/kg was chosen for the acute toxicity tests. The amounts of Chia seed of 22.5 g/kg were fed to mice through mouth，and the mice were observed  for 14 days. The doses of 0.008，0.04，0.20，1.0 and 5.0 mg/plate were chosen  for the Ames test. The treated plates were cultured at 37 ℃  for 48 h，the number of bacterial colony was counted. The doses of 1.875，3.750 and 7.500 g/kg were used for the micronucleus test. The number of micronucleus of bone marrow cell was counted，the types and numbers of sperm shape abnormality were assessed. RESULTS：Maximum tolerated dose was higher than 22.5 g/kg，indicating that Chia seed was non-toxic，and no significant difference was found between all test groups and the control group in mutagenicity tests. CONCLUSION： Chia seed showed no damage to the genetic material of prokaryotic and mammal cells.

 OBJECTIVE: To add data about mutagenicity of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(2-EHA)，so as to assess its safety. METHODS：Three genotoxicity tests，bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test)，micronucleus test of bone morrow cells and TK gene mutation assay with cell line L5178Y were performed in this study. Doses were designed at 0.08，0.4，2.0，10.0，50.0 μL/palte of Ames test，at 350，700，1 400 mg/kg of micronucleus test and at 12.5，25，50，100 μmol/L of TK gene mutation assay. RESULTS：In Ames test，2-EHA showed mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA97，TA98，TA100 and TA102 strains with or without S9. The micronucleus rate of the highest dose group in male mice (1 400 mg/kg) was significant increased compared with control group，while it was slightly increased in female mice. In TK gene mutation assay，the mutation frequency in two highest dose groups (50 and 100 μmol/L) were significantly higher than that in control group. CONCLUSION：Under present experiental conditions，2-EHA showed genotoxicity in Ames test and TK gene mutation assay，micronucleus test were probably positive for 2-EHA. Genotoxicity of 2-EHA should be considered comprehensively by other mutagenicity tests.

 OBJECTIVE: To study the mutagenicity of some kinds of phthalate esters. METHODS：Vicia faba root tips were exposed to different concentrations of phthalate esters including dimethyl phthalate，dibuthyl phthalate，bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate，diethyl phthalate and dipropyl phthalate for 24 hours. Number of micronuclei of  vicia faba root tips cells was observed. RESULTS：Compared with the negative control group，while dimethyl phthalate at the concentration of 0.008，0.016，0.032 mg/L，phthalate dibutyl and phthalate dioctyl at the concentration of 0.016，0.032 mg/L，respectively，there were significant differences in micronucleus rate (P<0.05). Compared with the negative control group，there were no significant differences in micronucleus rate of phthalate diethyl exposured groups and dipropyl phthalate exposured groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION：The present study demonstrats that dimethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate，dioctyl phthalate displayed genetic toxicity and low concentration of diethyl phthalate and phthalate dipropyl showed no genotoxicity.