BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： Translation elongation factor TEF-1δ (Genbank Accession Number AF304351) was identified as a novel cadmium - responsive proto-oncogene. The objective of this research is to determine if antisense TEF-1δ reverses the oncogenic potential of Cd-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS： We first established stable expression system of CdCl2-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells with the expression vector containing TEF-1δ cDNA in the antisense orientation using calcium phosphate and G418 selection protocols. Then the reversal of the oncogenic potential of these cells was tested by soft agar and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that expression of the antisense TEF-1δ in the CdCl2-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells resulted in reversal of the transformed phenotype of cells. This was evidenced by a 28 ％～44 ％ decrease in the number of anchorage-independent colonies growing on soft agar and the significant reduced tumorigenic potential of cells in nude mice compared with the corresponding controls. In addition to a significant delay in the onset of appearance of tumors, a significant reduction in size and a 54 ％～58 ％ decrease in weight of the tumors were also observed in mice injected with the TEF-1δ antisense expressing cells compared with the corresponding controls. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antisense TEF-1δ mRNA expression reverses its oncogenic potential and targeting TEF-1δ expression through its antisense may have therapeutic value for cancer induced by cadmium. 　　

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is an acidic cytosolic glycoprotein. It has plenty of reduced thiol groups. According to this point, we study the effects of RI on the melanoma B16 cells injured by H2O2. MATERAIL AND METHODS: The transfected B16 cells with RI cDNA in which RI was overexpressed and the control B16 cells were treated with different dose of H2O2 respectively. The different changes of cell viability, LDH leakage, MDA contents and the activities of antioxidative enzymes were investigated by comparison between these two kinds of cells. RESULTS：The transfected B16 cells had higher viability，less LDH leakage and MDA contents，and higher activities of GSHPx，SOD and CAT. CONCLUSION： This result showed that RI had antioxidant activity and it was able to protect cells from peroxidative injuries.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To investigate DNA damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells after treated with formaldehyde, H2O2, formaldehyde and H2O2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ①Comet assay was employed to assess DNA damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either various concentrations (0,5,10,25,50, 100 μmol/L) of formaldehyde, H2O2, formaldehyde and H2O2 for 20 min or 25 μmol/L formaldehyde, H2O2, formaldehyde and H2O2 for different time(0,10,20,30 min) to quantify the DNA damage. ②K-SDS was employed to evaluate DNA-Protein cross-link(DPC) of endothelial cells treated with either various concentrations of formaldehyde, formaldehyde and H2O2(0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1 000, 2 000 μmol/L) for 1.5 h or 50 μmol/L and 100 mol/L formaldehyde, formaldehyde and H2O2 for different time(0,0.5,1,1.5,2,4 h) to quantify the DPC. RESULTS: DNA breakage caused by 5,10,25 μmol/L formaldehyde was significantly different from control, and might be increased by H2O2. Tail moment was time-dependent when treated with 25 μmol/L formaldehyde. The formation of DPC increased(P<0.05)after treated with various concentrations of formaldehyde for 1.5 h. CONCLUSION: ①Formaldehyde can cause DNA breakage(<25 μmol/L) and DPC(>500 μmol/L), both were concentration and time-dependent.②H2O2 can cause DNA breakage, which was concentration and time-dependent. 　　

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: This study is to explore the dynamic trends of cell proliferation, apoptosis and the expression significance of involved genes as P21 and Ki-ras in developing intestines of mouse. MATERIAL ＆ METHODS: Intestine tissues were taken from different developmental phases of kunming mouse.Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL techniques were adopted to observe the variation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression characteristics of P21 and Ki-ras were detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: We discovered that cell proliferation increased greatly in the 12th day while from the 13th to the 14th the proliferation maintained stead raise. With the development of embryo, the expressions of P21 and Ki-ras have a darker colour in the epidermic cell of intestines. CONCLUSION: Cell proliferation was accompanied by apoptosis during the development of mouse intestine.The dynamic changes of both ratios might be correlated to the different structures appearing in different developmental process.The possible function of P21 and Ki-ras might be correlated to the developmental process of middle embryo intestine.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To observe the diffenential expression of proteins and the index of oxidative injury of bone marrow after 60Co-γray local irradiation in tumor-bearing rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The entitative tumor pieces were embedded into hind leg muscle of rat to prepare tumor bearing rat model. After 60Co-γray local irradiation，the bone marrow of rats in both non-irradiated and irradiated groups were removed respectively, to detect the MDA, GSH, GSSH of bone marrow, and analyze the differential expression of bone marrow proteins by using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: The levels of alterations of 24 proteins in irradiated group, including 2 new proteins, 4 down-regulated proteins, 1 up-regulated protein and 17 proteins disappeared. CONCLUSION: 60Co-γray local irradiation can cause differentially expressed proteins of bone marrow in tumor bearing rats, and oxidative injury may be an important factor for differentially expressed proteins.

BACKGRONUD ＆ AIM: To investigate the relationship between spermatogenesis disorder and genetic defects of patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: G banding karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 205 cases with azoospermia and 39 cases with severe oligospermia were performed and the multipolymerase chain reactions(PCR) for Y-chromosome microdeletion screening in the blood from 36 cases of azoospermia with normal karyotype were done. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal chromosome karyotype was 30.33 ％(74 cases) in cases with azoospermia and severe oligospermia group and 3.33 ％(1 case)in the control group respectively.3 cases with microdeletion in different segments of Azoospermia Factors(AZF)region on Y-chromosome were found in 36 cases of azoospermia with normal karyotype, and the microdeletion rate was 8.33 ％. No microdeletion in corresponding sites was discovered in the control group. CONCLUSION: Both of abnormal chromosome karyotype and Y-chromosome microdeletion are important to cause azoospermia and severe oligospermia. It is more accurate and effective in evaluating the genetic defect of the patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia to combine two methods of karyotype analysis and microdeletion screening, which can offer the patients with etiologic diagnosis, genetic counseling and choices for therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: Human semen cryopreservation is an important link of assisted reproductive techniques.After human sperm storeroom was approved by the government,human cryopreservative spermatozoa was widely used in assisted reproductive techniques. It has become more important to study on chromosome aberration of human cryopreservative spermatozoa.In this report,we analyze the chromosome aberration of human cryopreservative spermatozoa brought by CPM. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Firstly, we classified the CPM into four groups.First group：glycerol-egg yolk-sodium citrate(G-Y-C)；second group：glycerol-honey(G-H)； third group： glycerol-HEPES-hty(G-H-H)；fourth group：glycerol-tyrede(T-G).Secondly,the mixture of spermatozoa and CPM were done with slow freezing method.Finally,after half a year,we analyzed the human chromosome aberration. We took it out to come back to normal temperoture in 37 ℃ water. RESULTS:Rate of chromosomal breakage and rate of aberration had not striking increased among the four groups. CONCLUSION: The four groups,sacceded with CPM are trust able in clinical application.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM：To detect the genomic instability in the 16HBE cells induced by nickel acetate. MATERIAL AND METHODS： Analysing the genomic instability in the 16HBE cells induced by nickel acetate by random amplified polymorophic DNA(RAPD).RESULTS：Compared with the negative control cells, 16HBE cells induced by nickel acetate have special PCR bands, indicating genomic instability. But the bands amplified by forth and seventh primes have no difference. CONCLUSION： Crystalline nickel sulfide could induce genomic instability in the 16HBE cells induced by nickel acetate.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: According to the standard methods of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for algal growth inhibition test, the combined-toxicitiy test of three kinds of halid-mixtures to Dunaliella salina was conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups of the tests were set by combining any two of CHCl3, CCl4, CHBr3 and all the three compounds, another group was a control. Concentrations were set according to the National drinking water health standard (GB5749-1985) and D. salina was cultivated in these groups. Cell counting was conducted after 48 h. RESULTS: The EC50 of each group was obtained, and the combined-toxicity's addition-indexes (AI) of the groups were all among －0.1～0.1, which indicated that the toxicity of these compounds to D.salina was additive effect. CONCLUSION: As a tested organism, D. salina has a wide applied potential in the area of toxicology.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To assess whether the modified SCGE can be used in genetic toxicology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To detect DNA damage induced by oxidant peroxide in human sperm in vitro and methyl methanesulfonate in mouse in vivo by using the modified SCGE. RESULTS: The results showed high relationship correlation among the head DNA percentage,comet length and the tail moment.Dose response relationship existed. CONCLUSION: The modified SCGE could be used to detect sperm DNA damage.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study a method which can get ideal products of PCR in the sample of low yield DNA for mutation analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nested polymerase chain reaction(NPCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique was used for mutation test of single nucleotide polymorphism of DNA repair gene: ERCC2/XPD exon 6 in some samples of low yield DNA.RESULTS: Genotyping results of population were in agreement with the expectations of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. CONCLUSION: The sophisticated new“nested PCR” systems are significantly more sensitive and specific than other currently availble PCR technologies. 　

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the trend of increasing incidence and the clinical therapy on carcinoma of the cervix in young women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The age and the different clinical therapy of 345 cases of cervical cancer from July, 1995 to June,2004 were analysed. RESULTS: ①The percentage of young patients in all cervical cancer was 40.28 ％(≤40 years old) or 57.10 ％(≤45 years old),the trend of cervical cancer patients age is younger(P=0.000). ②The methods of one or both ovaries transposed outside the pelvis and internal iliac artery chemotherapy were performed in young patients with stage Ia2～IIb cervical cancer,it could protect the ovary function and decreased the pelvic recurrence. CONCLUSION: The age at diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer in our hospital obviously tends to be young, synthetic treatment can improve the quality of life and decrease the pelvic recurrence for young cervical cancer patients.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the antagonistic effect of propolis on gene_mutation induced by thiotepa and other strong mutagens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using Ames_test,the antagonistic effect of propolis to reverse mutation of strains TA100 and TA98,which induced by thiotepa,adriacin and acridine orange,were assessed.RESULTS:The propolis inhibited all the mutations induced by the three kind of mutagens and showed dose_effect relationship. Dose of 10～250 μg/plate of propolis could inhibit mutations by the middle intensity or below (restrain rate<75 ％).At dose of 1 000 μg/plate of propolis could strongly inhibit mutations induced by thiotepa,adriacin, and acridine orange.There were no mutant character of the propolis. CONCLUSION： There were antagonistic effect of propolis to gene_mutation induced by different kinds of mutagen,such as adriacin.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To make further understanding in the action of Cd to inhibit the repair of DNA lesions in human cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The simplified method of unscheduled DNA synthesis(UDS)test with human whole blood cells(lymphocytes and monocytes were the main cell types involved in the test)was adopted to investigate the effect of CdCl2 on the repair processes of DNA damage induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)and ultraviolet(UV).RESULTS: Treatment of human blood cells with Cd caused a dose-dependent increase in the amounts of 3H-TdR incorporated in DNA through UDS,but the cpm value was significantly elevated only at 10 μmol/L Cd dose as compared with the negative control, which indicated apparent DNA damage induced by Cd .MNNG- induced UDS was weakened to some extent by Cd dose from 0.1 to 10 μmol/L,the remarkable inhibition was observed at Cd concentration of 1 μmol/L, while treatment with Cd of this concentration alone did not induce positive UDS.In contrast to MNNG,UV-induced UDS was strongly enhanced by 1 μmol/L CdCl2.The analysis of variance showed an evident synergistic interaction between this dose of Cd and UV.CONCLUSION: Cd itself can induce DNA damage at relatively high dose, while the lower Cd dose may interfere with DNA repair process and these direct and indirect genotoxic mechanisms may be involved in the carcinogenicity of Cd compounds.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To investigate the chemosensitivity of eight anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells of different individual. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The breast cancer cells from 41 patients were being exposed to eight anti-cancer drugs for 48 h, at concentration according to 1 plasma peak concentration(1 PPC). The inhibition rate of tumor cells was used in vitro MTT assay to determine chemosensitivity. RESULTS: At amount of 1×105 tumor cells/perwell in the present of 1 PPC, the breast cancer cells had higher chemosensitivity to the EADM, MTZ treatment with the inhibition rate of (44.30±10.66) ％, (44.14±13.05) ％ than other of drugs, and but they were of no significant. A statistically significant difference was P<0.01,P<0.05 and P<0.05 in chemosensitivity of eight drugs between clinical stages,pathology types and lymphoid metastasis. CONCLUSION: Eight anti-cancer drugs had a difference chemosensitivity to the breast cancer cells from 41 patients. The In vitro MTT assay was essential for predicting chemosensitivity of individual breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM： To study the transforming effects of genistein on BALB/c-3T3 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS： We used the improved BALB/c-3T3 cell transformation assay to observe the transformation of cells treated by: GEN, B[a]P(10 μmol/L)＋ GEN and MCA(0.2 μg/ml)＋TPA(0.1 μg/ml)＋GEN，at the same time, to detect mutant P53 and PTK activity .RESULTS: When GEN ≥30 μmol/L ,the transforming frequency of BALB/c-3T3 cells was significantly increased compared with Contnol(DMSO 0.5 ％)(P<0.01).The transforming frequency induced by B[a]P(10 μmol/L)＋GEN(30 μmol/L)was much higher than that by B[a]P(10 μmol/L). Expression of mutant P53 was also increased in the group treated by B[a]P(10 μmol/L)＋ GEN(30 μmol/L), B[a]P(10 μmol/L)and GEN(30 μmol/L)However，GEN≥30 μmol/L could inhibit the cell transformation induced by MCA＋TPA;PTK activity also decreased with increasing the dose of GEN. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that GEN could induce cell transformation itself,on the other hand,it could also inhibit cell transformation under certain conditions.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: Observe the effect of luyuanchun healthy alcohol resisiting lipid peroxide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups.After 90 days,the mice were killed,the SOD,GSH-Px and MDA in the blood,liver,brain and kidney were measured. RESULTS: The activities of SOD,GSH-Px in blood,liver and kidney of experiment groups were higher than the control group,MDA was lower than the control(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Luyuanchun healthy alcohol has resisting lipid peroxide function.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the acute toxicity and genetic toxicity of Solanum nigrum L juice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test of mice ,Ames test, micronucleus rest of bone marrow PCE cell in mice, sperm shape abnormality test of mice. RESULTS: Solanum Nigrum L Juice was a substance with no toxicity according to the acute toxicity. The results of genetic toxicity tests were all negative, including Ames test ,micronucleus rest and sperm shape abnormality test. CONCLUSION: Solanum Nigrum L Juice was a substance with no toxicity and had no genetic toxicity in this test.

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the toxicity of juice of cactus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test of mice,Ames test,micronucleus test of bone marrow PCE cell in mice,sperm shape abnormality test of mice,thirty days feeding study. RESULTS: Juice of cactus had no toxicity according to the acute toxicity (LD50>20.0 g/kg).The results of genetic toxicity test were all negative,including Ames test,micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test.The results of thirty days feeding study was also negative. CONCLUSION: Juice of cactus had no toxicity and had no genetic toxicity and subacute toxicity in this test.