Sea2cucumber is rich in nut rient s which has been considered by Chinese to be a nourishing sea2food. It has the efficacy in nourishing the kidney and st rengthening the human body.Holothurin is the main constituent in sea2cucumber abst ract with water. Present paper reports its activity of prohibiting Cd2 +2mutagen to be absorbed and accumulated by the prawn body ( Penaeus orientalis) and decreasing it s genotoxicity. All those were verified by chemical analysis with PRGP and mutagenic test with Trad2MCN.

In situ hybridization histochemist ry ( ISHH) , scanning elect ron microscope (SEM) and microdissection were used to determine neuratoxicity and developmental toxicity and expression of HSP70mRNA during rat neurulation period in vivo. Fowllowing an increase in dose or active time of arsenic all indexes correlated with embryonic nervous system development and morphological differentiation were changed , which had an apparent dose2effect ralationship ( P < 0. 05) .At rophied and decreased microvilli , and cavernous damages of epidermic cells on embryonic brain were seen under SEM. The result of ISHH showed that arsenic could induce stress response of rat embryos. The incidence of open neural tube ( 35. 7 %) and gene overexpression of HSP70mRNA induced by 10mg/ kg arsenic were higher than that action of 4mg/ kg arsenic. It was the reason that HSP70 could have double action. Developmental and neural toxicity of different dose of arsenic was related to level of self2cont ral and synthesis of HSP70 in embryonic cells and which specific phase of embryonic developmental processes.

This paper resport s micronuclei of peripheral blood lymphocyte of 39 cases exposed to 137　Csγ2ray in a period of 5 months. The accumulated equivalent doses were 5～2105mSv. The result s show that micronucleus f requencies in the both groups of exposed and cont rol were very near . The difference was not significant . At that time , micronucleus f requencies using method of routine culture in exposed group were higher that those in the cont rol one , and they had correlated relationship with accumulated doses. At 5th year after irradiation , micronuclei were examined by cytokinesis2block micronucleus method. The result s show that the f requencies of micronucleus in exposed group were higher than those in the cont rol. The difference was very significant . It indicated that CB method increased precision and reliability for micronucleus assay.

With the digital image analytic system ,this study is to quantitate the DNA in hepatocytes nuclei of exposed mice with different doses of ethylene oxide. The result s showed that the quantity of DNA in the hepatocytes nuclei of exposed groups is higher than that in the cont rol roup. It is worth noticing ,the DNA quantity in male groups is obviously higher than that in the females.By comparing the male exposed groups with cont rol group and the male exposed groups with female exposed groups ,their DNA quantity in the nuclei of hepatocytes are both significant different . The K- S test P < 0. 01. The data suggested that EtO not only caused the duplication of DNA in the experimental mice hepatocytes but also induced the tendency of approching malignant changes in the hepatocytes. The hepatocytes in the male mice are more sensitive to EtO than those in the female.

The effect s of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) retinoic acid (RA) and Na2SeO3 + RA were examined on MNN G - induced DNA damaged with human wholeblood cells by the test of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in vit ro. The result s showed that 0. 01～0. 05μg/ ml Na2SeO3and 0. 02～2. 0μg/ ml RA significantly suppressed the responses of UDS induced by MNN G.These revealed that Na2SeO3 and RA had the antimutagenic activity. The combined inhibiting effect of (0. 1μg/ ml) Na2SeO3 + (0. 1μg/ ml) RA on MNN G- induced DNA damage was st ronger than the simply effect of Na2SeO3 . The result s also revealed that Na2SeO3 ,as inhibitor of mutagenesis ,could induce genetoxic effect s by it self at higher dose levels.

Single cell gel elect rophoresis assay (SCGE) has the advantage of being a quick sensitive screening technique to elucidate various aspect s of toxic , genotoxic , and antigenotoxic activities by foreign compounds and nut ritional component s. Inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bif1101) and it s lipoteichoic acid(L TA) , whole cell peptidoglycan (WPG) , Spent culture (SC)on the DNA damage in murine colon mucosa by MNN G was investigated with SCGE. The results indicate that all the tested Bif1101 related materials appeared significant inhibition on the DNA damage by MNN G. The viable and dead Bif1101 whole cells appeared more effective than that of L TA and WPG. SC had slight effect . The methanism of the inhibitory effect of Bif1101 related materials on the DNA damage is probablly mediated by binding the MINN G and potentiating the immune activity so as to eliminate the MNN G complex or damaged cells.

It has been known that there is a close correlation between the genotoxic effect of chemicals on the bacteria and their mutagenesis or carcinogenesis on mammals. In order to investigate the mechanisms of the anticarcinogenicity effect of Bifidobacteria , the inhibitor effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum(Bif1101) and it s surface molecules - Lipoteichoic acid (L TA) , whole cell peptidoglycan (WPG) and Spent Culture (SC) on the SOS reaction of E. coli PQ37 induced by N-methyl2N′2nit ro2N2nit rosoguanidine (MNN G) was studied. The result s indicate that all of the tested Bifi1101 related materials appeared significant inhibition on the SOS response induced by MNN G, but the most effective component s was L TA , the following WPG, Bif1101 , SC. The uninoculated BL medium had not appeared effect of antimutagenicity. This kind of in vit ro antimutagenicity of Bifidobacteria and it s surface is probably occured by binding or cleaving the active center of mutagens.

The direct combination of sodium fluoride(NaF) to the different types of DNA was investigated using UV absorption spect romet ry. The result s showed that NaF (0. 15 - 23. 6mmol/L) could significantly change the UV absorption spect rum of the linar type fetal bovine thymus DNA (22. 4 mg/ L) and Lamds DNA(0. 9mg/ L) . It s absorption peak was shifted and declined.NaF (10 - 80 mmol/ L) could not change the UV absorption spect rum of the circular type PBR322DNA. These may explain the result s of that NaF induce clastogenicity and mutation in mammalian cell assays but not in bacteria mutation test s.

Chromosome aberrations were analyzed with the interspecific in vit ro fertilization system between human spermatozoa and zona2f ree hamster oocytes. The study was divided into three groups : cont rol , whole2body irradiation was taken from two individuals had exposed to 60Co 6 or 7 year ago ; and in vit ro irradiation with model at same doses. The f reqqency of sperm chromosome aberrations in the group of in vit ro radiation was much higher than that one of whole2body radiation with the same dose ( P < 0. 01) . Most of the st ructural abnormalities of chromosome observed in both radiation groups were breakage. The proportion of rejoining2type aberrations to breakage2type ones in whole2body irradiation group was significantly higher than that in vit ro one. The rate of Y2sperm to X2sperm in whole2body group was significantly higher than that in cont rol and in vit ro one. The result s indicated that the genetic harm in different stages of spermatogenesis and their irradiation sensitivity were two different concept s. The analysis of rejoining type aberration in human sperm may be especially important for assessing genetic effect s of radiation. The difference between the proportion of Y2Sperm to X-sperm in whole2body radiation group suggest that X2Linkage dominant Lethal mutations may be induced.

Objective To inhibit the mutagenicity and genetic damages of mouse marrow cells induced by Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) , Artemisia capillaris Thumb (ACT) had been used to evaluate the possibility of anti-mutagenicity. Methods The test s of Ames test , micronucleus , chromasome aberration and sister chromatid exchanges of mouse bone marrow cells were used to detect the mutagenicity and anti2mutagenicity of ACT and AFB1 . Result s As expected , the mutagenicity of ACT was negative. Put 0. 1 ml ACT ext ract (the concernt ration was 0. 125 , 0. 25 , 0. 5 , 1. 0 and 2. 0 g/ ml) to culture medium of AFB1 (5μg/ plate) , the inhibition rates of TA98 and TA100 were 22. 9 - 54. 36 , the difference was very remarkable ( ( P < 0. 01) . The inhibition effects of ACT to micronuclei , chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchanges indued by AFB1 were very remarkble too , and the relationship of dose2reaction was very evident . Conclusion These results showed that ACT had very st rong inhibition to the mutagenicity and genetic damages induced by AFB1 and might have the function to repair the DNA damages , which suggested that ACT would have greater meaning to prevent or t reat cancers.

In this paper ,the relationship between the MMC inducing effect and protecting effect of Salvia mitiorrhiza ,was studied in germ - cell of Kunming mice 。Male mice divided randomly into eight groups with 15 mice each group 。In experimental groups different dose of Salvia mitiorrhiza and same dose of MMC were administ rated。The chromosome aberration (CA) of spermatogonia ,sperm aberration and micronucleus(MN) of early spermatids were observed。The results showed that chinese medicine it self has no genetoxic effect , bus can significantly decrease CA ,MN and sperm aberration frequencies induced by MMC ( P < 0. 01) . The result s indicated that the chinese medicine Salvia mitiorrhiza may be an antimutagen。

The Mutageicity of Graniset ron was studied by Ames test , chromosome aberration assay of mammlian cell (CHL) in vit ro and mouse marrow micronucleus assay. The results showed that Graniset ron had no mutagenicity on salmonella typhimurium st rain TA97 , TA98 , TA100 and TA102 with or mithout S9 mix. Chromosome aberration rates induced by 15μg/ ml and 30μg/ ml doses with S9 mix were 6 % and 7 % respectively , Possible postive. The freqaency of male mice micronuleus rate induced by 4. 8mg/ kg dose were signifioant disfereonces as Compared with negative cont rocl ( P < 0. 01) , The result s showed that Graniset ron more than 4. 8mg/ kg Graniset ron Could also induce mouse marrow micronucleus rates increase , So. Graniset ron is mutagenic.

The aqueous solution was ext racted f rom a compound formed by Rubia Cordif olia L . ,Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. and Panax ginseng C. A . Mey . The effect of the aqueous solution on the MN rates of both normal lymphocyte and the lymphocyte induced by MMC was surveyed. Result s show that the ext racted solution of different concent ration can induce different MN rates of normal lymphocyte. Along with the rising of the concent ration , the MN rate is tending to ascend. However , it can’t remarkably affect the MN rate of lymphocyte induced by MMC. P >0. 05

Three main factors influcing the multinucleated cell assay were evaluated with the L9 (3) 4 orthogonal design. The result was the best when the 6 - TG final density was 2 ×10 - 5M , the Cyt - B final density was 6mg/ l , and the culture time was 72 hours. Meanwhile the other factors were also studied.